From: Pediatric appendicitis rupture rate: a national indicator of disparities in healthcare access
 |  | Unadjusted race/ethnicity odds | Race/ethnicity odds adjusted for biologic factors | With additional adjustments for social and system factors | With additional adjustments for hospital factors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Race/ethnicity | white | ref | ref | ref | ref |
 | black | 1.40 (1.27–1.55) | 1.38 (1.25–1.53) | 1.27 (1.14–1.42) | 1.23 (1.10–1.37) |
 | Hispanic | 1.36 (1.28–1.44) | 1.24 (1.17–1.31) | 1.14 (1.07–1.22) | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) |
 | Asian | 1.37 (1.16–1.61) | 1.32 (1.13–1.52) | 1.29 (1.10–1.53) | 1.24 (1.05–1.46) |
Gender | male |  | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) |
 | female |  | ref | ref | ref |
Age group | 4–8 |  | 2.05 (1.90–2.21) | 2.02 (1.87–2.18) | 1.90 (1.76–2.06) |
 | 9–11 |  | 1.36 (1.25–1.47) | 1.36 (1.25–1.47) | 1.30 (1.20–1.41) |
 | 12–14 |  | 1.32 (1.23–1.42) | 1.31 (1.22–1.42) | 1.28 (1.18–1.38) |
 | 15–18 |  | ref | ref | ref |
ZIP code median annual household income | $0–$24,999 |  |  | 1.15 (1.05–1.27) | 1.13 (1.02–1.24) |
 | $25,000–$34,999 |  |  | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | 1.11 (1.03–1.20) |
 | $35,000–$44,999 |  |  | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) |
 | ≥ $45,000 |  |  | ref | ref |
Expected primary payer | private | Â | Â | ref | ref |
 | public |  |  | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) |
 | other |  |  | 0.87 (0.78–0.97) | 0.87 (0.78–0.96) |
Admission source | emergency department | Â | Â | ref | ref |
 | other healthcare referral |  |  | 1.28 (1.19–1.38) | 1.29 (1.20–1.39) |
 | other |  |  | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) |
Hospital type | teaching |  |  |  | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) |
 | other |  |  |  | ref |
Pediatric discharge volume | 4–1,578 |  |  |  | 0.72 (0.65–0.80) |
 | 1,579–3,471 |  |  |  | 0.73 (0.66–0.80) |
 | 3,472–6,582 |  |  |  | 0.79 (0.73–0.86) |
 | 6,583–22,785 |  |  |  | ref |
Sample size | unweighted | 32,784 | 32,773 | 30,940 | 30,940 |
 | weighted | 62,555 | 62,533 | 57,791 | 57,791 |