Disparities in length of life across developed countries: measuring and decomposing changes over time within and between country groups

Table 3 Contributions of population composition (P-effects) and mortality (M-effects) to changes in standard deviation by time periods (in years)

	Males				Females
	1970–1984	1984–1994	1994–2004	2004–2010^a	1970–1984	1984–1994	1994–2004	2004–2010^a
Total change in overall StD:	1.96	2.09	0.36	−0.90	1.47	1.30	0.30	−0.49
P-effect	0.01	−0.04	−0.18	−0.10	0.00	−0.03	−0.08	−0.05
M-effect	1.95	2.12	0.54	−0.80	1.47	1.33	0.38	−0.44
Total change in between-group StD:	2.23	2.09	0.41	−0.88	1.74	1.22	0.12	−0.48
P-effect	0.01	−0.03	−0.18	−0.10	0.00	−0.03	−0.09	−0.05
M-effect	2.22	2.13	0.59	−0.78	1.74	1.26	0.21	−0.42
Total change in within-group StD:	0.03	0.31	−0.15	−0.19	0.09	0.44	0.45	−0.14
P-effect	0.00	−0.01	−0.02	−0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
M-effect	0.02	0.33	−0.12	−0.18	0.09	0.44	0.45	−0.14

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