|  | Quintile of dietary share of ultra-processed foods (% of total energy intake)a | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All quintiles (n = 9,317) (2,069.9 kcal) | Q1 (n = 1,941) (1,970.9 kcal) | Q2 (n = 1,903) (2,017.6 kcal) | Q3 (n = 1,791) (2,061.8 kcal) | Q4 (n = 1,785) (2,151.5 kcal) | Q5 (n = 1,897) (2,147.7 kcal) | |
Unprocessed or minimally processed foods | 30.2 | 48.3 | 36.7 | 29.4 | 23.3 | 13.2* |
 Meat (includes poultry) | 8.0 | 11.6 | 9.6 | 8 | 6.7 | 4* |
 Fruit and freshly squeezed fruit juices | 5.5 | 8.8 | 6.8 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 2.5* |
 Milk and plain yogurt | 5.1 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 2.9* |
 Grains | 2.9 | 6.3 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 0.7* |
 Roots and tubers | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.7* |
 Eggs | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.7* |
 Pasta | 1.4 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.5* |
 Legumes | 0.9 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.2* |
 Fish and seafood | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.2* |
 Vegetables | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.4* |
 Other unprocessed or minimally processed foodsb | 1.7 | 3.2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5* |
Processed culinary ingredients | 2.9 | 4.9 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 1.2* |
 Sugarc | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.6* |
 Plant oils | 1.2 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.3* |
 Animal fatsd | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2* |
 Other processed culinary ingredientse | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
Unprocessed or minimally processed foods + Processed culinary ingredients | 33.1 | 53.2 | 40.1 | 32.4 | 25.4 | 14.5* |
 Processed foods | 9.3 | 14.1 | 11.2 | 9.2 | 7.2 | 4.8* |
 Cheese | 3.6 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 2.5* |
 Ham and other salted, smoked, or canned meat or fish | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.8 |
 Vegetables and other plant foods preserved in brine | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5* |
 Other processed foodsf | 3.7 | 7.6 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 1* |
Ultra-processed foods | 57.5 | 32.6 | 48.6 | 58.4 | 67.3 | 80.7* |
 Breads | 9.5 | 7.2 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 9.4* |
 Soft and fruit drinksg | 6.9 | 3 | 4.7 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 11.8* |
 Cakes, cookies, and pies | 5.5 | 2.6 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 6.8 | 7.9* |
 Salty snacks | 4.4 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 6.2* |
 Frozen and shelf-stable plate meals | 3.9 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 5.2 | 7.3* |
 Pizza (ready-to-eat/heat) | 3.3 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 4.1 | 7.8* |
 Breakfast cereals | 3.1 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.1 |
 Sauces, dressings, and gravies | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.1 |
 Reconstituted meat or fish products | 2.3 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.9* |
 Ice cream and ice pops | 2.3 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3* |
 Sweet snacks | 2.3 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 3.4* |
 Milk-based drinks | 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.6* |
 Dessertsh | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.8* |
 French fries and other potato products | 1.7 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 3.5* |
 Sandwiches and hamburgers on bun (ready-to-eat/heat) | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 3.5* |
 Instant and canned soups | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1 |
 Other ultra-processed foodsi | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.2 |
Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |