From: Development and validation of an early childhood development scale for use in low-resourced settings
Total | Motor | Cognitive | Socioemotional | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Child age | ||||
18–24 moa (n = 934) | 0.50 (0.005) | 0.45 (0.008) | 0.44 (0.007) | 0.57 (0.005) |
> 24–30 mob (n = 614) | 0.67 (0.005) | 0.67 (0.010) | 0.69 (0.008) | 0.65 (0.005) |
> 30–36 moc (n = 933) | 0.76 (0.004) | 0.82 (0.007) | 0.79 (0.005) | 0.71 (0.004) |
dif | F(2, 2478) = 965.00** a < b: d = 1.00** b < c: d = 0.51** a < c: d = 1.51** | F(2, 2478) = 560.63** a < b: d = 0.78** b < c: d = 0.50** a < c: d = 1.28** | F(2, 2478) = 860.93** a < b: d = 1.03** b < c: d = 0.41** a < c: d = 1.44** | F(2, 2478) = 234.26** a < b: d = 0.52** b < c: d = 0.39** a < c: d = 0.92** |
Child gender | ||||
Male (n = 1349) | 0.64 (0.005) | 0.64 (0.008) | 0.63 (0.007) | 0.64 (0.004) |
Female (n = 1132) | 0.64 (0.005) | 0.64 (0.009) | 0.64 (0.007) | 0.64 (0.004) |
dif | t(2479) = −0.70 d = 0.03 | t(2479) = 0.08 d = −0.00 | t(2479) = −1.34 d = 0.06 | t(2479) = 0.31 d = −0.01 |
Child stunting | ||||
Non-stunted (n = 1222) | 0.66 (0.005) | 0.66 (0.008) | 0.66 (0.007) | 0.65 (0.004) |
Stunted (n = 955) | 0.62 (0.006) | 0.62 (0.010) | 0.60 (0.008) | 0.65 (0.005) |
dif | t(2175) = 4.79** d = −0.19** | t(2175) = 3.46** d = −0.13** | t(2175) = 6.09** d = −0.25** | t(2175) = 0.86 d = −0.04 |
Child disability | ||||
No disability (n = 2434) | 0.64 (0.003) | 0.65 (0.006) | 0.64 (0.005) | 0.64 (0.003) |
Any disability (n = 47) | 0.53 (0.032) | 0.45 (0.050) | 0.48 (0.047) | 0.60 (0.025) |
dif | t(2479) = 4.43** d = −0.65** | t(2479) = 4.73** d = −0.69** | t(2479) = 4.45** d = −0.65** | t(2479) = 1.81+ d = −0.27+ |
Stimulation | ||||
Low stimulationa (n = 847) | 0.63 (0.005) | 0.62 (0.10) | 0.63 (0.008) | 0.64 (0.005) |
Mod stimulationb (n = 1498) | 0.63 (0.005) | 0.65 (0.08) | 0.62 (0.006) | 0.64 (0.004) |
High stimulationc (n = 135) | 0.75 (0.011) | 0.77 (0.021) | 0.81 (0.014) | 0.68 (0.014) |
dif | F(2, 2477) = 29.57** a < b: d = 0.02 b < c: d = 0.67** a < c: d = 0.68** | F(2, 2477) = 17.41** a < b: d = 0.09+ b < c: d = 0.45** a < c: d = 0.54** | F(2, 2477) = 41.00** a < b: d = −0.02 b < c: d = 0.80** a < c: d = 0.77** | F(2, 2477) = 3.65* a < b: d = 0.03 b < c: d = 0.22* a < c: d = 0.25* |
Maternal education | ||||
No educationa (n = 113) | 0.63 (0.016) | 0.61 (0.029) | 0.61 (0.022) | 0.67 (0.015) |
Primary schoolb (n = 2138) | 0.64 (0.004) | 0.65 (0.026) | 0.64 (0.005) | 0.65 (0.003) |
Secondary schoolc (n = 181) | 0.61 (0.013) | 0.63 (0.022) | 0.61 (0.019) | 0.62 (0.012) |
dif | F(2, 2429) = 2.63+ a < b: d = 0.14 b < c: d = −0.18+ a < c: d = −0.04 | F(2, 2429) = 1.36 a < b: d = 0.20 b < c: d = −0.08 a < c: d = 0.12 | F(2, 2429) = 2.29+ a < b: d = 0.19 b < c: d = −0.14 a < c: d = 0.05 | F(2, 2429) = 4.36** a < b: d = −0.04 b < c: d = −0.19* a < c: d = −0.24* |