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Table 1 Multiple cause of death analysis, comparing certificates of AIDS deaths and non-AIDS/HIV deaths: crude proportions of deaths and age-standardized proportion ratio (ASPR)§, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), by any mentioned cause of death

From: Multiple cause-of-death data among people with AIDS in Italy: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Cause of death mentioned in the death certificate

Crude proportion (%)

ASPR

95% CI

ICD-10 code

Description

AIDS deaths

(Total no. 2,515)

Non-AIDS/HIV deaths

(Total no. 123,224)

A00-B99

Infectious and parasitic diseases (excluding B20-B24) a

51.7

7.4

7.0

(6.7 – 7.3)

 B58

Toxoplasmosis

3.3

<0.1

4167.4

(583.4 – 29,769.1)

 B45

Criptococcosis

1.8

<0.1

480.4

(192.1 – 1,201.2)

 A31

Infection due to other mycobacteria

2.1

<0.1

330.3

(157.4 – 693.0)

 B59

Pneumocystosis

3.1

<0.1

208.1

(129.6 – 334.2)

 B55

Leishmaniasis

0.4

<0.1

188.0

(39.5 – 894.1)

 A81

Atypical virus infections of central nervous system

2.7

<0.1

63.6

(44.4 – 91.1)

 B25

Cytomegaloviral disease

4.8

0.1

62.9

(48.7 – 81.4)

 B37

Candidiasis

4.0

0.1

50.1

(37.7 – 66.5)

 A16

Respiratory tuberculosis. not confirmed bacteriologically or histologically

1.2

0.1

15.6

(10.5 – 23.1)

 B18

Chronic viral hepatitis

23.9

1.8

13.1

(12.1 – 14.2)

 A49

Bacterial infection of unspecified site

0.5

0.1

8.2

(4.3 – 15.8)

 B44

Aspergillosis

0.4

0.1

6.5

(3.7 – 11.6)

 B16

Acute hepatitis B

1.4

0.2

5.9

(4.1 – 8.5)

 A41

Other septicemia

12.2

4.7

2.6

(2.4 – 2.9)

C00-D48

Neoplasms a

28.7

47.2

0.6

(0.6 – 0.7)

 C46

Kaposi’s sarcoma

2.7

<0.1

298.9

(162.4 – 550.1)

 C83

Diffuse non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

2.0

0.1

14.1

(10.2 – 19.4)

 C21

Malignant neoplasm of anus and anal canal

1.0

0.1

12.1

(7.7 – 18.8)

 C85

Other and unspecified types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

8.4

1.3

6.5

(5.7 – 7.5)

 C81

Hodgkin’s disease

1.0

0.3

3.1

(2.1 – 4.5)

 C53

Malignant neoplasm of cervix uterib

3.9

1.1

2.8

(1.7 – 4.6)

 C22

Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts

3.3

2.0

1.9

(1.6 – 2.3)

 C34

Malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung

2.9

7.9

0.4

(0.3 – 0.5)

 C25

Malignant neoplasm of pancreas

0.4

2.3

0.2

(0.1 – 0.4)

D50-D89

Diseases of the blood. immunological disorderssa

12.6

4.5

2.8

(2.5 – 3.1)

 D61

Other aplastic anemias

2.5

0.5

5.1

(4.0 – 6.5)

 D70

Agranulocytosis

0.6

0.2

2.7

(1.6 – 4.6)

 D69

Purpura and other hemorrhagic conditions

1.1

0.6

2.0

(1.4 – 2.8)

E00-E90

Endocrine. nutritional metabolic diseases a

2.5

4.8

0.6

(0.4 – 0.7)

 E14

Unspecified diabetes mellitus

1.7

3.8

0.5

(0.4 – 0.7)

F01-F99

Mental and behavioral disorders a

6.5

5.2

1.2

(1.0 – 1.4)

 F03

Unspecified dementia

1.0

0.1

13.1

(8.3 – 20.5)

 F11

Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of opioids

0.7

0.2

4.2

(2.5 – 7.0)

 F19

Mental and behavioral disorders due to multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances

2.7

0.7

3.4

(2.6 – 4.4)

 F09

Unspecified organic or symptomatic mental disorder

0.4

0.2

2.0

(1.1 – 3.9)

 F10

Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol

1.1

1.3

0.6

(0.4 – 1.0)

 F32

Depressive episode

0.4

1.0

0.5

(0.3 – 0.8)

G00-H95

Diseases of the nervous system and the sense organs a

12.2

7.9

1.5

(1.4 – 1.7)

 G04

Encephalitis. myelitis and encephalomyelitis

2.3

0.2

14.3

(10.6 – 19.1)

 G93

Other disorders of brain

6.4

2.8

2.4

(2.1 – 2.8)

 G31

Other degenerative diseases of nervous system. not elsewhere classified

0.4

0.2

2.4

(1.4 – 4.2)

 G62

Other polyneuropathies

0.4

0.2

2.2

(1.1 – 4.4)

I00-I99

Diseases of the circulatory system a

32.2

45.7

0.7

(0.7 – 0.7)

 I33

Acute and subacute endocarditis

0.4

0.1

2.8

(1.5 – 5.4)

 I27

Other pulmonary heart diseases

1.2

0.4

2.5

(1.7 – 3.7)

 I51

Complications and ill-defined descriptions of heart disease

4.1

5.4

0.7

(0.6 – 0.9)

 I50

Heart failure

2.9

3.9

0.7

(0.6 – 0.9)

 I61

Intracerebral hemorrhage

1.8

2.9

0.7

(0.5 – 0.9)

I 25

Chronic ischemic heart disease

1.9

4.7

0.5

(0.4 – 0.6)

 I26

Pulmonary embolism

0.7

1.5

0.4

(0.3 – 0.7)

 I64

Stroke. not specified as hemorrhage or infarction

0.4

1.1

0.3

(0.2 – 0.7)

 I21

Acute myocardial infarction

2.1

7.5

0.3

(0.2 – 0.4)

I 49

Other cardiac arrhythmias

0.4

1.9

0.3

(0.2 – 0.5)

 I10

Essential (primary) hypertension

1.1

4.9

0.3

(0.2 – 0.4)

J00-J99

Diseases of the respiratory system a

33.0

22.0

1.5

(1.5 – 1.6)

 J84

Other interstitial pulmonary diseases

2.7

0.5

6.2

(4.9 – 7.9)

 J93

Pneumothorax

0.8

0.1

6.1

(3.9 – 9.6)

 J15

Bacterial pneumonia. not elsewhere classified

0.5

0.1

6.0

(3.3 – 11)

 J18

Pneumonia. organism unspecified

14.2

3.3

4.4

(4.0 – 4.9)

 J80

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

1.0

0.4

2.5

(1.7 – 3.8)

 J69

Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids

0.5

0.3

2.0

(1.2 – 3.4)

 J44

Other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1.4

1.2

1.5

(1.1 – 2.0)

 J96

Respiratory failure. not elsewhere classified

14.0

12.3

1.2

(1.0 – 1.3)

 J81

Pulmonary edema

3.4

4.6

0.7

(0.6 – 0.9)

K00-K92

Diseases of the digestive system a

36.4

16.7

2.2

(2.1 – 2.3)

 K73

Chronic hepatitis. not elsewhere classified

2.5

0.2

11.0

(8.2 – 14.7)

 K52

Other non-infective gastroenteritis and colitis

0.8

0.1

6.4

(4.1 – 9.8)

 K74

Fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver

24.3

5.6

4.4

(4.1 – 4.7)

 K85

Acute pancreatitis

1.0

0.4

2.5

(1.7 – 3.8)

 K76

Other diseases of liver

6.5

3.0

2.2

(1.9 – 2.6)

 K72

Hepatic failure. not elsewhere classified

11.3

5.6

1.9

(1.7 – 2.1)

 K70

Alcoholic liver disease

1.0

1.8

0.6

(0.4 – 0.9)

 K56

Paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction without hernia

0.8

1.4

0.6

(0.4 – 0.9)

N00-N99

Diseases of the genitourinary system a

11.5

6.9

1.7

(1.5 – 1.9)

 N17

Acute renal failure

3.7

1.7

2.4

(2.0 – 2.9)

 N19

Unspecified renal failure

4.9

3.3

1.5

(1.3 – 1.8)

R00-R99

Symptoms signs and ill-defined causes (excluding R75) a

41.2

33.1

1.2

(1.2 – 1.3)

 R16

Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. not elsewhere classified

0.4

0.1

5.1

(3.0 – 9.0)

 R64

Cachexia

16.0

4.2

3.9

(3.6 – 4.3)

 R91

Abnormal findings on diagnostic imaging of lung

0.4

0.2

2.3

(1.3 – 4.0)

 R57

Shock. not elsewhere classified

8.6

10.1

0.8

(0.7 – 1.0)

 R40

Somnolence. stupor and coma

3.2

4.5

0.7

(0.6 – 0.9)

V00-Y99

External causes of death a

8.0

17.2

0.4

(0.4 – 0.5)

 X42

Accidental poisoning by and exposure to narcotics and psychodysleptics [hallucinogens] not elsewhere classified

1.0

0.3

2.6

(1.7 – 4.0)

 X59

Exposure to unspecified factor

0.5

0.8

0.5

(0.3 – 0.9)

 V89

Motor- or non motor-vehicle accident type of vehicle unspecified

0.4

2.7

0.1

(0.1 – 0.3)

  1. Deaths of people aged 35–54 years. Italy, 2006-2010
  2. §Calculated as the age-standardized ratio between the proportion of deaths reporting a selected cause among AIDS deaths and the same proportion among non-AIDS/HIV deaths
  3. aICD-10 chapter. The values of the proportion for the specific ICD-10 categories do not sum up to the totals by ICD-10 chapter because 1) only causes of death with a statistically significant ASPR and with at least 10 cases among AIDS deaths are shown and 2) each death certificate could report more than one cause within the same ICD-10 chapter
  4. bOnly females