Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios for low Apgar score at five minutes

Race/ Color (refer: white)

Non-white

0,958

0,947

0,957

0,914

Missing

0,934

0,940

0,946

0,899

Maternal Education (ref: el, incomplete)

No schooling

0,901

0,907

0,913

1,005

Elementary, complete

0,839***

0,829***

0,814***

0,829**

Secondary

0,824***

0,827***

0,795****

0,754****

College

0,433****

0,430****

0,403****

0,381****

Missing

0,879***

0,871*

0,856**

0,802***

Community Development (refer: high)

Low

0,998

1,016

1,120*

Medium

0,935

0,943

0,985

Parity (refer: none)

One

0,735****

0,825***

Two or three

0,728****

0,809***

Four or More

0,778**

0,824*

Missing

0,831**

0,798***

Maternal Age (ref: 20 to 24)

11 to 14

0,976

0,700

15 to 19

1,092†

1,000

25 to 29

0,952

0,970

30 to 34

1,092†

1,012

35 to 39

1,182*

0,955

40 or higher

1,631****

1,190†

Missing

6,495****

4,276****

Infant's Sex (refer: male)

Female

0,751*****

Plurality (refer: singleton)

Twins/Higher order

0,718***

Missing

0,668†

Delivery Mode (refer: normal)

Cesarean

1,365****

Other

2,855****

Missing

1,592*

Prior Losses (ref: no prior loss)

One

1,101

Two or More

0,974

Missing

0,976

Weeks' Gestation (refer: 377–41)

27 or less

5,094****

28 to 36

2,255****

42 or more

1,505*

Missing

1,740****

Prenatal Visits (ref: 7 or more)

None

1,543****

1 to 6 visits

1,083†

Missing

1,085†

Birth Weight (in grams) (refer: 3000 to 3500)

999 or less

57,34****

1000 to 1499

16,66****

1500 to 1999

7,463****

2000 to 2499

2,939****

2500 to 2999

1,267****

3000 to 3499

1,135****

4000 to 4499

1,280**

4500 or higher

3,294**

Missing

17,18****