Predicting mortality with biomarkers: a population-based prospective cohort study for elderly Costa Ricans

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the 22 biomarkers investigated in the study

				Proportion
Biomarker	Units	Mean	SD	≤1SD	< mean	≥ 1SD	N
Metabolic hormones
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)	percent	5.76	1.13	0.01	0.69	0.09	2704
Fasting glucose	mg/dl	110.64	45.39	0.01	0.70	0.09	2748
CV biomarkers
Diastolic blood pressure	mmHg	83.66	12.10	0.15	0.52	0.15	2883
Systolic blood pressure	mmHg	144.00	23.18	0.14	0.55	0.15	2883
Metabolic – lipids
Triglycerides	mg/dl	162.84	85.27	0.10	0.62	0.13	2739
Total cholesterol	mg/dl	215.54	49.42	0.14	0.54	0.15	2746
HDL cholesterol	mg/dl	44.24	13.12	0.14	0.56	0.14	2743
Total/HDL cholesterol ratio	ratio	5.18	1.60	0.15	0.53	0.14	2743
LDL cholesterol	mg/dl	138.48	40.73	0.15	0.54	0.15	2581
Stress hormones
Urinary cortisol	μg/g	26.22	24.99	0.00	0.66	0.09	2249
DHEAS	μg/dl	54.06	41.72	0.10	0.62	0.15	2706
Epinephrine	μg/g	7.41	10.95	0.00	0.69	0.07	1581
Norepinephrine	μg/g	37.63	32.21	0.01	0.65	0.09	1631
Inflammation, immune system
CRP	mg/l	5.61	6.69	0.00	0.73	0.08	2677
Organ-specific functional reserve
Creatinine clearance	mg/min	74.74	30.16	0.14	0.54	0.14	2401
Handgrip strength	kg	26.89	9.08	0.15	0.54	0.18	2595
Distance in 10 seconds	meters	5.51	2.52	0.13	0.46	0.12	2794
Pulmonary peak flow	l/min	304.66	118.65	0.15	0.57	0.17	2635
Nutrition, body size
Knee height	cm	49.41	3.35	0.15	0.52	0.16	2788
Waist circumference	cm	93.88	12.37	0.15	0.51	0.14	2699
BMI	kg/m2	26.87	5.25	0.12	0.50	0.12	2789
Waist/hip ratio	ratio	0.948	0.077	0.14	0.49	0.13	2626

The following outlier observations were dropped: triglycerides: 6 observations >700 mg/dl; LDL-C: 4 obs. >300 mg/dl; cortisol: 7 obs. >400 μg/g; DHEAS: 4 obs. >300 μg/g; epinephrine: 2 obs. >150 μg/g; norepinephrine: 2 obs. >600 μg/g; CRP: 4 obs. >80 mg/l; creatinine: 3 obs. >250 mg/min; and waist circumference: 5 obs < 55 cm.
Statistics computed using sampling weights.

ISSN: 1478-7954