| |
Main
|
Square
|
Age 80+
|
Male
|
|---|
|
Metabolic hormones
| | | | |
|
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
|
1.42**
|
0.99
|
0.89
|
0.86+
|
|
Fasting glucose
|
1.37**
|
1.00
|
0.84+
|
0.81*
|
|
CV biomarkers
| | | | |
|
Diastolic blood pressure
|
0.95
|
1.06**
|
0.92
|
1.06
|
|
Systolic blood pressure
|
0.88+
|
1.07**
|
0.89
|
1.11+
|
|
Metabolic – lipids
| | | | |
|
Triglycerides
|
0.90
|
1.05**
|
0.88
|
1.04
|
|
Total cholesterol
|
0.79**
|
1.07**
|
1.09
|
1.02
|
|
HDL cholesterol
|
0.84*
|
1.05*
|
1.15
|
1.00
|
|
Total/HDL cholesterol ratio
|
0.99
|
1.02**
|
0.89
|
1.01
|
|
LDL cholesterol
|
0.80*
|
1.04+
|
1.08
|
1.02
|
|
Stress hormones
| | | | |
|
Urinary cortisol
|
1.00
|
0.99
|
1.15
|
1.12+
|
|
DHEAS
|
0.90
|
1.08**
|
0.93
|
0.87
|
|
Epinephrine
|
1.16
|
1.00
|
0.88
|
0.85
|
|
Norepinephrine
|
0.98
|
1.01
|
1.06
|
1.09
|
|
Inflammation, immune system
| | | | |
|
CRP
|
1.42**
|
0.97*
|
0.93
|
0.99
|
|
Organ-specific functional reserve
| | | | |
|
Creatinine clearance
|
0.72**
|
1.10**
|
1.21+
|
0.97
|
|
Handgrip strength
|
0.41**
|
0.98
|
0.98
|
1.69**
|
|
Distance in 10 seconds
|
0.56**
|
1.01
|
1.16+
|
1.08
|
|
Pulmonary peak flow
|
0.47**
|
0.97
|
0.97
|
1.39*
|
|
Nutrition, body size
| | | | |
|
Knee height
|
0.92
|
0.97
|
0.98
|
1.14
|
|
Waist circumference
|
1.08
|
1.06**
|
0.85+
|
1.02
|
|
BMI
|
1.04
|
1.02**
|
0.77**
|
0.98
|
|
Waist/hip ratio
|
1.16+
|
0.99
|
0.85+
|
0.99
|
- Significance assessed with robust estimates of standard errors: + means significant at *p < 0.10; at **p < 0.05; and at p < 0.01.
- All regression models also include control variables for sex, age (continuous), and Nicoya.
