Skip to main content

Table 2 Methods used to calculate YLL and YLD in general burden of disease studies

From: Systematic review of general burden of disease studies using disability-adjusted life years

Author, Year (reference no.)

General burden of disease methods

YLL methodology

YLD methodology

 

Incidence or prevalence based approach

Disease and injury cause groups used

Were missing values handled?

Discounting

Age weighting

Sensitivity analysis

Risk factor analysis

Which life tables used?

Reallocation of ill-defined death? (y/n)

Disability weights

Distribution by severity?

Adjustment for comorbidity

GBD approach

Incidence

GBD list I, II, III

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Standard West 25 (males) and 26 (females)

Y

GBD

N

N

Begg, 2008[13]

Incidence

GBD list I, II, III

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Standard West 25 (females) and 26 (males)

Y

GBD, DDW

Y

Y

Bowie, 1997[22]

Incidence

Own developed groups

n.a.

Y

Y

N

N

Standard West 25 (females) and 26 (males)

N

GBD

N

N

Bradshaw, 2003[14]

Incidence

Adapted GBD list (removed causes due to little relevance)

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Standard West 25 (males) and 26 (females)

Y

GBD1990, GBD2000, Audw, DDW

Y

N

Bundhamcharoen, 2002[16]

Incidence

GBD list I, II, III

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Standard West 26

Y

GBD, DDW

Y

Y

Chapman, 2006[41]

Incidence

GBD list I, II, III

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Standard West 26

Y

GBD, Zimb

N

n.a.

Dodhia, 2008[50]

Incidence

Adapted GBD list (removed causes and added own groups)

Y

Y

N

Y

N

Standard West 26

N

GBD

N

N

Hyder, 2000[40]

Incidence

Adapted GBD list (removed causes and added own groups)

n.a.

Y

N

Y

N

Standard West 25 (females) and 26 (males)

N

GBD

N

N

Innove Solutions, 1998[51]

Incidence

Adapted GBD list (removed causes and added own groups)

N

N

N

N

N

Standard West 26

Y

GBD, DDW

N

n.a.

Jankovic, 2006[52]

Incidence

Adapted GBD list (removed causes due to little relevance)

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Standard West 26

n.a.

GBD1990, GBD2000, DDW

Y

N

Laaser, 2007[38]

Incidence and prevalence

GBD list I, II, III

n.a.

Y

Y

Y

N

Standard West 25 (females) and 26 (males)

Y

GBD1996, GBD2000

n.a.

N

Lai, 2009[27]

Prevalence

GBD list I, II, III

Y

N

N

N

N

Standard life tables of Estonia

N

Estdw

Y

N

Lopez, 2006[9]

Incidence

GBD list I, II, III

n.a.

Y

N

Y

Y

Standard West 25 (females) and 26 (males)

Y

GBD

n.a.

N

Mathers, 2001[28]

Incidence

Adapted GBD list (added own groups)

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Australian standard life tables

Y

DDW, GBD

Y

Y

Melse, 2000[21]

Prevalence

Own developed groups

n.a.

N

N

Y

N

Dutch life tables for 1994

Y

DDW

Y

N

Michaud, 2006[35]

Incidence

Adapted GBD list (removed causes and added own groups)

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Standard West level 25 and 26

Y

GBD

Y

N

Murray, 1997[10]

Incidence

GBD list I, II, III

n.a.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Standard West level 25 and 26

Y

GBD

n.a.

N

Naghavil, 2009[31]

Incidence

Adapted GBD list (removed causes and added own groups)

Y

Y

Y

N

N

Iran life expectancy

Y

GBD, DDW

n.a.

Y

Phua, 2009[39]

Incidence

Adapted GBD list (removed causes and added own groups)

Y

Y

N

N

N

Standard West 25 (females) and 26 (males)

Y

GBD, DDW, Audw

Y

N

Pike, 2002[30]

Incidence

Adapted GBD list (removed causes and added own groups)

n.a.

Y

N

N

N

Australian standard life tables

n.a.

GBD, DDW

Y

Y

SA Department of Health Australia, 2005[12]

Incidence

Adapted GBD list (added own groups)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Australian standard life tables

Y

GBD, DDW

Y

Y

Somerford, 2004[29]

Incidence

GBD list I, II, III

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Australian standard life tables

Y

N, YLL:YLD

N

N

Stevens, 2008[26]

Incidence

GBD list I, II, III

n.a.

Y

Y

N

Y

Standard life tables of Mexico

Y

GBD

N

N

Tobias, 2001[20]

Incidence

Own developed groups

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Standard West 25 (females) and 26 (males)

n.a.

DDW, GBD, Audw, EQ5Ddw

Y

Y

Ünüvar, 2006[15]

Incidence

GBD list I, II, III

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Standard West

Y

GBD, DDW

Y

N

Victorian BoD study, 2005[19]

Incidence

Adapted GBD list (removed causes and added own groups)

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Standard West 25 (females) and 26 (males)

Y

DDW, GBD, EQ5D, Audw

Y

Y

World Health Organization, 2008[8]

Incidence

GBD list I, II, III

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Standard West level 25 and 26

Y

GBD

N

N

World Health Organization, 2009[11]

Incidence

GBD list I, II, III

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Standard West level 25 and 26

Y

GBD

N

N

Yoon, 2007[24]

n.a.

Adapted GBD list (removed causes and added own groups)

Y

n.a.

n.a.

Y

N

Standard West

Y

KORdw

Y

N

Yusoff, 2004[17]

Incidence

GBD list I, II, III

Y

Y

N

N

N

Standard West 25 (females) and 26 (males)

Y

GBD, DDW

Y

N

Zhao, 2004[18]

Incidence

GBD list I, II, III

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

N

N

Australian standard life tables

Y

DDW, GBD

n.a.

N

Zhou, 2011[36]

Prevalence

Adapted GBD list (removed causes)

n.a.

Y

n.a.

N

N

Standard West

Y

N, YLL:YLD

n.a.

N

  1. Abbreviations disability weights: Disability weights: GBD1990/GBD 1996 = Global Burden of Disease disability weights 1990[1], GBD2000 = Global Burden of Disease disability weights 1990 supplemented with Dutch Disability weighs, DDW= Dutch Disability weights[53], AUdw = Australian NBD disability weights[25], Zimb = disability weights based on preferences of Zimbabwe[41], KORdw= Korean disability weights[24], Estdw = Estonian disability weights[27], EQ5Ddw = EQ5D disability weights[20].