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Table 3 Hazard ratios predicting mortality from all causes

From: Mortality and excess risk in US adults with pre-diabetes and diabetes: a comparison of two nationally representative cohorts, 1988–2006

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

 

Hazard Ratio

95% CI

Hazard Ratio

95% CI

Hazard Ratio

95% CI

Sex

      

 Women

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Men

1.54 ***

(1.34-1.76)

1.30 ***

(1.13-1.50)

1.33 ***

(1.16-1.53)

Race/ethnicity

      

 Other

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Hispanic

0.76

(0.57-1.02)

0.83

(0.62-1.12)

0.84

(0.63-1.13)

 Non-Hispanic Black

1.48 ***

(1.21-1.82)

1.51 ***

(1.23-1.84)

1.49 ***

(1.22-1.81)

Education Level

      

 Less than High School

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

 High School

0.78 **

(0.65-0.93)

0.79 **

(0.66-0.94)

0.79 **

(0.67-0.94)

 More than High School

0.61 ***

(0.50-0.74)

0.68 ***

(0.56-0.83)

0.67 ***

(0.55-0.82)

Smoking

      

 Never Smoker

  

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Former Smoker

  

1.83 ***

(1.46-2.29)

1.83 ***

(1.46-2.39)

 Current Smoker

  

2.90 ***

(2.24-3.75)

2.73 ***

(2.11-3.52)

BMI

    

0.87 ***

(0.82-0.93)

BMI Squared

    

1.00 ***

(1.00-1.00)

Perioda

0.86

(0.65-1.13)

0.86

(0.66-1.13)

0.88

(0.67-1.15)

Dysglycemiab

1.63 ***

(1.38-1.92)

1.55 ***

(1.31-1.83)

1.62 ***

(1.36-1.93)

Dysglycemia X Period

1.34

(0.94-1.92)

1.45*

(1.02-2.07)

1.46 *

(1.03-2.08)

  1. a. Period is an indicator variable which takes a value of 1 in the later of the two periods in the analysis. Entry years are 1988-1994 with follow-up through 2001 for the earlier period and 1999-2002 with follow-up through 2006 for the later period; b. Dysglycemia sample includes persons with HbA1c ≥ 5.7% or on treatment for diabetes. References categories for categorical variables indicated by HR = 1.00; Sample includes persons ages 35-74 at baseline. All estimates are weighted and account for complex survey design.
  2. Sources: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III and continuous.
  3. ***p < 0.001; ** < 0.01; *p < 0.05
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