Skip to main content

Table 3 Odds ratios for the probability of being in the highest risk quartiles of the biomarker distributions: BMI, subjective health and other self-reported health measures (logistic regression models, both sexes combined)

From: Association of blood lipids, creatinine, albumin, and CRP with socioeconomic status in Malawi

 

Cholesterol

HDL

Chol/HDL ratio

LDL

Creatinine

CRP

Albumin

Model 1: Schooling

    

No Schooling

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

Primary Schooling

1.04

1.08

1.33

1.13

1.14

1.27

0.91

 

[0.70,1.55]

[0.75,1.55]

[0.91,1.95]

[0.76,1.66]

[0.75,1.72]

[0.87,1.85]

[0.63,1.31]

Secondary Schooling

0.79

0.62

1.39

0.54

1.98

1.22

0.62

 

[0.25,2.56]

[0.25,1.50]

[0.56,3.45]

[0.15,1.94]

[0.79,4.97]

[0.50,2.97]

[0.22,1.76]

Model 2: Marital status

    

Married (in 2008)

1.11

0.80

0.94

1.08

0.99

0.65 +

1.02

 

[0.69,1.79]

[0.52,1.22]

[0.61,1.46]

[0.68,1.72]

[0.60,1.63]

[0.42,1.01]

[0.64,1.61]

Model 3: Religion (major groups)

    

Christian/Other/None

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

Muslim

1.18

0.89

0.95

1.07

0.68 +

0.68 ∗

0.85

 

[0.80,1.73]

[0.63,1.24]

[0.67,1.36]

[0.74,1.55]

[0.47,1.00]

[0.48,0.95]

[0.60,1.20]

Model 4: Wealth (based on asset-based wealth tertiles)

    

1st (poorest)

1.05

1.17

0.79

1.09

1.38

0.77

0.97

 

[0.68,1.62]

[0.79,1.72]

[0.52,1.19]

[0.71,1.67]

[0.88,2.15]

[0.52,1.16]

[0.66,1.44]

2nd (middle)

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

3th (wealthiest)

1.08

1.25

1.15

1.30

1.49 +

1.02

0.75

 

[0.70,1.67]

[0.85,1.85]

[0.77,1.71]

[0.86,1.99]

[0.94,2.34]

[0.68,1.52]

[0.50,1.13]

Model 5: Body mass index (BMI) (reference category: normal)

Underweight

0.81

0.74

0.63

0.77

0.55 +

0.69

1.42

 

[0.45,1.46]

[0.42,1.31]

[0.34,1.16]

[0.43,1.39]

[0.28,1.06]

[0.39,1.24]

[0.85,2.36]

Normal

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

Overwght/obese

2.11 ∗

1.14

2.65 ∗∗

2.65 ∗∗

1.39

1.35

0.71

 

[1.14,3.90]

[0.59,2.18]

[1.46,4.81]

[1.46,4.81]

[0.68,2.86]

[0.69,2.62]

[0.34,1.47]

BMI missing

1.00

1.54 ∗

1.52 ∗

1.20

0.79

1.13

1.01

 

[0.66,1.51]

[1.09,2.16]

[1.06,2.18]

[0.80,1.79]

[0.53,1.17]

[0.78,1.62]

[0.70,1.46]

  1. p-values: + p <0.10, ∗ p <0.05, ∗∗ p <0.01. 95% Confidence intervals in parentheses. Models control for gender, age group (separate for males/females), and currently pregnant (females only).