Table 3 Equivalence between symptoms in UK and US Studies*
From: Dichotomous factor analysis of symptoms reported by UK and US veterans of the 1991 Gulf War
UK Study | US Study |
|---|---|
Irritability/outburst of anger | Irritability or moodiness |
Headaches | Headaches |
Fatigue | Fatigue |
Sleeping difficulties | Difficulty or problems to sleep |
Forgetfulness OR Loss of concentration | Difficulty remembering or concentrating |
Joint stiffness | Joint stiffness |
Flatulence or burping OR Stomach cramp | Gas, bloating, cramps or abdominal pain |
Pain without swelling or redness in several joints | Joint pain |
Chest pain | Chest pain |
Night sweats that soak the bed sheets | Night sweats that soak your bed sheets |
Sore throat | Sore throat |
Numbness or tingling in fingers or toes | Numbness or tingling in fingers or toes |
Wheezing | Wheezing |
Diarrhea | Diarrhea (3 or more loose bowel movements in 24 hours) |
Unintended weight gain greater than 10 lbs | Unintended weight gain greater than 10 lbs |
Loss of interest in sex | Decreased sexual interest |
Dizziness | Dizziness |
Feeling short of breath at rest | Shortness of breath |
Persistent cough | Cough |
Feeling disoriented | Episodes of disorientation |
Feeling feverish | Fever |
Nausea OR Vomiting | Nausea or Vomiting |
Unintended weight loss greater than 10 lbs. | Unintended weight loss greater than 10 lbs. |
Diagnostic Criteria for Anxiety Disorder† Feeling distant or cut off from others OR Feeling jumpy/easily startled OR Unable to breathe deeply enough OR Tingling in legs and arms OR Rapid heartbeat OR Shaking OR Faster breathing than normal OR Lump in throat | Anxiety |
16 could not find equivalent: Avoiding doing things/situations, Tingling in fingers and arms, Feeling unrefreshed after sleep, Itchy or painful eyes, Distressing dreams, Ringing in the ears, Dry mouth, Increased sensitivity to noise, Increased sensitivity to light, Passing urine more often, Loss or decrease in appetite, Intolerance to alcohol, Constipation, Double vision, Pain on passing urine, Burning sensation in sex organs | 11 could not find equivalent: Trouble finding words, Depression, Muscle pains, Hay fever or other allergies, Fatigue lasting 24 hrs after exertion, Swollen lymph glands in your neck, armpit, groin, Inability to tolerate milk, Sensitivity to chemicals, Sinus congestion, Skin rashes or sores, Sores inside your nose |