Table 4 Factor loadings for final 4-factor confirmatory model for symptoms reported in the UK Study-Gulf Cohort (N = 3,454), UK Study-Bosnia Cohort (N = 1,979), and UK Study-Era Cohort (N = 2,577)

Gulf

Bosnia

Era

Nausea

.78

.56

-

Vomiting

.77

-

-

Diarrhea

.76

.76

.76

Stomach cramp

.74

.73

.71

Constipation

.59

.78

.57

Flatulence or burping

.55

.63

.58

Sore throat

.53

.49

-

Feeling feverish

.52

.51

-

Dry mouth

.48

.49

-

Pain on passing urine

.53

-

-

Burning sensation in sex organs

.48

-

-

Headaches

.48

-

-

Loss or decrease in appetite

.47

-

-

Unintended weight loss greater than 10 lbs.

.43

-

-

Gulf

Bosnia

Era

Unable to breathe deeply enough

.89

.87

.89

Wheezing

.77

.75

.91

Feeling short of breath at rest

.73

.89

.81

Faster breathing than normal

.66

.63

.66

Persistent cough

.50

-

.48

Chest pain

-

.61

-

Rapid heartbeat

-

.51

-

Gulf

Bosnia

Era

Loss of concentration

.93

.70

.79

Forgetfulness

.87

.66

.71

Feeling distant or cut off from others

.77

.80

.86

Avoiding doing things/situations

.74

.67

.75

Irritability/outburst of anger

.64

.71

.74

Feeling unrefreshed after sleep

.62

.68

-

Feeling jumpy/easily startled

.60

.73

.79

Sleeping difficulties

.57

.66

.56

Feeling disoriented

.57

.64

.70

Fatigue

.57

.53

-

Increased sensitivity to noise

.56

.58

.63

Distressing dreams

.52

.66

.78

Loss of interest in sex

.51

.54

.65

Intolerance to alcohol

-

.50

.46

Shaking

-

.45

.55

Night sweats

-

-

.52

Peripheral Nervous

Gulf

Bosnia

Era

Tingling in fingers and arms

.97

.99

.91

Numbness or tingling in fingers or toes

.84

.89

.90

Tingling in legs and arms

.77

.80

.89