Table 2 Odds ratios for appendiceal rupture among children in the United States.

Race/ethnicity

white

ref

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ref

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black

1.40 (1.27–1.55)

1.38 (1.25–1.53)

1.27 (1.14–1.42)

1.23 (1.10–1.37)

Hispanic

1.36 (1.28–1.44)

1.24 (1.17–1.31)

1.14 (1.07–1.22)

1.07 (1.00–1.15)

Asian

1.37 (1.16–1.61)

1.32 (1.13–1.52)

1.29 (1.10–1.53)

1.24 (1.05–1.46)

Gender

male

1.00 (0.95–1.06)

0.99 (0.94–1.05)

0.99 (0.94–1.05)

female

ref

ref

ref

Age group

4–8

2.05 (1.90–2.21)

2.02 (1.87–2.18)

1.90 (1.76–2.06)

9–11

1.36 (1.25–1.47)

1.36 (1.25–1.47)

1.30 (1.20–1.41)

12–14

1.32 (1.23–1.42)

1.31 (1.22–1.42)

1.28 (1.18–1.38)

15–18

ref

ref

ref

ZIP code median annual household income

$0–$24,999

1.15 (1.05–1.27)

1.13 (1.02–1.24)

$25,000–$34,999

1.06 (0.99–1.14)

1.11 (1.03–1.20)

$35,000–$44,999

1.00 (0.93–1.08)

1.04 (0.96–1.12)

≥ $45,000

ref

ref

Expected primary payer

private

ref

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public

1.10 (0.99–1.23)

1.09 (0.98–1.21)

other

0.87 (0.78–0.97)

0.87 (0.78–0.96)

Admission source

emergency department

ref

ref

other healthcare referral

1.28 (1.19–1.38)

1.29 (1.20–1.39)

other

1.03 (0.93–1.14)

1.05 (0.95–1.16)

Hospital type

teaching

1.06 (0.99–1.14)

other

ref

Pediatric discharge volume

4–1,578

0.72 (0.65–0.80)

1,579–3,471

0.73 (0.66–0.80)

3,472–6,582

0.79 (0.73–0.86)

6,583–22,785

ref

Sample size

unweighted

weighted