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Table 2 Odds ratios for appendiceal rupture among children in the United States.

From: Pediatric appendicitis rupture rate: a national indicator of disparities in healthcare access

  

Unadjusted race/ethnicity odds

Race/ethnicity odds adjusted for biologic factors

With additional adjustments for social and system factors

With additional adjustments for hospital factors

Race/ethnicity

white

ref

ref

ref

ref

 

black

1.40 (1.27–1.55)

1.38 (1.25–1.53)

1.27 (1.14–1.42)

1.23 (1.10–1.37)

 

Hispanic

1.36 (1.28–1.44)

1.24 (1.17–1.31)

1.14 (1.07–1.22)

1.07 (1.00–1.15)

 

Asian

1.37 (1.16–1.61)

1.32 (1.13–1.52)

1.29 (1.10–1.53)

1.24 (1.05–1.46)

Gender

male

 

1.00 (0.95–1.06)

0.99 (0.94–1.05)

0.99 (0.94–1.05)

 

female

 

ref

ref

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Age group

4–8

 

2.05 (1.90–2.21)

2.02 (1.87–2.18)

1.90 (1.76–2.06)

 

9–11

 

1.36 (1.25–1.47)

1.36 (1.25–1.47)

1.30 (1.20–1.41)

 

12–14

 

1.32 (1.23–1.42)

1.31 (1.22–1.42)

1.28 (1.18–1.38)

 

15–18

 

ref

ref

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ZIP code median annual household income

$0–$24,999

  

1.15 (1.05–1.27)

1.13 (1.02–1.24)

 

$25,000–$34,999

  

1.06 (0.99–1.14)

1.11 (1.03–1.20)

 

$35,000–$44,999

  

1.00 (0.93–1.08)

1.04 (0.96–1.12)

 

≥ $45,000

  

ref

ref

Expected primary payer

private

  

ref

ref

 

public

  

1.10 (0.99–1.23)

1.09 (0.98–1.21)

 

other

  

0.87 (0.78–0.97)

0.87 (0.78–0.96)

Admission source

emergency department

  

ref

ref

 

other healthcare referral

  

1.28 (1.19–1.38)

1.29 (1.20–1.39)

 

other

  

1.03 (0.93–1.14)

1.05 (0.95–1.16)

Hospital type

teaching

   

1.06 (0.99–1.14)

 

other

   

ref

Pediatric discharge volume

4–1,578

   

0.72 (0.65–0.80)

 

1,579–3,471

   

0.73 (0.66–0.80)

 

3,472–6,582

   

0.79 (0.73–0.86)

 

6,583–22,785

   

ref

Sample size

unweighted

32,784

32,773

30,940

30,940

 

weighted

62,555

62,533

57,791

57,791