Table 2 Prevalences at birth of selected defects in boys born in the Provinces of Mantova, Sondrio and Varese, Region of Lombardy, 1999
From: Descriptive epidemiology of selected birth defects, areas of Lombardy, Italy, 1999
Birth defect | Number of cases | Birth prevalence/10,000 and 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
Anencephaly | 0 | 0 (0–6) |
Spina bifida | 1 | 1.6 (0–9.1) |
Encephalocele | 0 | 0 (0–6) |
Microcephaly | 3 | 4.9 (1–14.3) |
Arhinencephaly/Holoprosencephaly | 1 | 1.6 (0–9.1) |
Hydrocephaly | 3 | 4.9 (1–14.3) |
Buphtalmos | 0 | 0 (0–6) |
Congenital cataract | 2 | 3.3 (0.4–11.8) |
Anotia/microtia | 1 | 1.6 (0–9.1) |
Transposition of great vessels | 4 | 6.5 (1.8–16.7) |
Tetralogy of Fallot | 1 | 1.6 (0–9.1) |
Ventricular septal defect | 28 | 45.6 (30.4–66.2) |
Atrial septal defect | 9 | 14.7 (6.7–27.9) |
Endocardial cushion defects | 1 | 1.6 (0–9.1) |
Ebstein's anomaly | 0 | 0 (0–6) |
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 1 | 1.6 (0–9.1) |
Coarctation of aorta | 6 | 9.8 (3.6–21.3) |
Choanal atresia, bilateral | 0 | 0 (0–6) |
Cleft palate without cleft lip | 5 | 8.2 (2.7–19.1) |
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate | 5 | 8.2 (2.7–19.1) |
Oesophageal atresia/stenosis | 1 | 1.6 (0–9.1) |
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | 12 | 19.6 (10.1–34.3) |
Small intestine atresia/stenosis | 2 | 3.3 (0.4–11.8) |
Anorectal atresia/stenosis | 1 | 1.6 (0–9.1) |
Hirschsprung's disease | 3 | 4.9 (1–14.3) |
Anomalies of intestinal fixation | 2 | 3.3 (0.4–11.8) |
Hypospadias | 31 | 50.7 (34.4–71.9) |
Indeterminate sex | 0 | 0 (0–6) |
Renal agenesis | 3 | 4.9 (1–14.3) |
Cystic kidney | 3 | 4.9 (1–14.3) |
Bladder exstrophy | 0 | 0 (0–6) |
Polydactyly and syndactyly | 11 | 18 (9–32.2) |
Total limb reduction defects | Not analysed | Not analysed |
Diaphragmatic hernia | 3 | 4.9 (1–14.3) |
Omphalocele | 0 | 0 (0–6) |
Gastroschisis | 0 | 0 (0–6) |
Trisomy 13 | 0 | 0 (0–6) |
Trisomy 18 | 0 | 0 (0–6) |
Down syndrome | 4 | 6.5 (1.8–16.7) |
Prader Willi syndrome | 1 | 1.6 (0–9.1) |
Total | 148 | 241.9 |