Table 1 Studies and reports meeting the inclusion criteria of the comprehensive review
Study | Study characteristics | Outcomes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author and reference # | Publication date | Study setting | Age group studied | No. of deaths investi-gated | Data collected on the care-seeking process: 1) illness recognition; 2) home care; 3) recognition of severe illness; 4a) times, 4b) sequence, and 4c) type of health care sought; 5) CS delays; 6) CS constraints; 7) quality of care; 8) referral; 9) compliance with home care and/or referral advice | Social diagnosis of contributors to death was made | Data provided were: 1) representative; 2) large area (district/ regional/ national) | Data were utilized to support health program or policy development: 1) advocacy/ accountability; 2) data sharing and interpretation; 3) intervention development = responsiveness | Data were utilized to support community empowerment: 1) data sharing and interpretation; 2) intervention development; 3) monitoring and revision |
Sustrisna [13] | 1993 | Indonesia: 10,000 HHs, Indramayu, West Java | Under 5 years old | 139 | 4c; 6 | Implied | 1) Unclear; 2) No | 1/2/3) None stated | 1/2/3) None stated |
Gutierrez [14] | 1994 | Mexico: Tlaxcala state | 3 days-5 years old | 98 ARI & 34 acute diarrhea | 4c, 5; 7; 8 | Implied | 1) Unclear 2) Yes | â–¡1/2/3) Yes | 1/2/3) None stated |
Sodemann [15] | 1997 | Guinea-Bissau: 2 suburbs of Bissau | 1-30 months old | 125 | 4a, c; 5; 7 | Yes | 1) Yes; 2) No | 1/2/3) None stated | 1/2/3) None stated |
Aguilar [8] | 1998 | Bolivia: El Alto city | Under 5 years old | 271 | PtoS study: 1; 2; 3; 4b, 4c; 5; 7; 9 | Yes | 1) Likely; 2) No | â–³1) Yes; 2/3) None stated | â–³1) Yes; 2/3) None stated |
de Bocaletti [19] | 1999 | Guatemala: 4 towns | Stillbirths & 0-6 days old | 101/36 | PtoS study: A) Mother: delivery place & decision maker; B) Mother & child: 1; 2; 3; 4c; 5; 6; 7; 9 | Yes | 1) Likely; 2) No | â–¡ 1/2) Yes; 3) Goals stated | â–¡ 1/2) Yes; 3) None stated |
de Souza [20] | 2000 | Brazil: 11 municipalities, Ceara state | 1-11 months old | 127 | PtoS study: 2; 3; 4a, b, c; 5; 6; 7; 9 | Yes | 1) Possible; 2) Yes | 1/2/3) None stated | â–³1) Yes; 2/3) None stated |
RACHA [21] | 2000 | Cambodia: 40 villages in 4 provinces | Perinates & 1 wk.-59 mo. Old | 59/119 | PtoS study: A) Mother: delivery place & decision maker; B) Mother & child: 1; 2; 3; 4a, b, c; 5; 6; 7; 9 | Yes | 1) Possible; 2) Yes | â–¡ 1/2) Yes; 3) Goals stated | 1) None stated; 2) Goal to mobilize the community; 3) None stated |
Bhandari [22] | 2002 | India: 2 urban slums, Delhi | 0-365 days | 162 | PtoS study: 3; 4a, b, c; 5; 7; 9; referral compliance constraints | Yes | 1) No; 2) No | 1/2/3) None stated | 1/2/3) None stated |
Schumacher [9] | 2002 | Guinea: Mandiana prefecture | 0 days-59 months old | 330 | PtoS study: 1; 2; 3; 4a, b, c; 5; 6; 7; 9 | Yes | 1) Yes; 2) Yes | â–¡ 1/2/3) Yes | â–¡ 1/2) Yes; 3) None stated |
Hinderaker [16] | 2003 | Tanzania: 2 divisions in 2 districts | Stillbirths and neonates | 136 | A) Mother: delivery place; B) Child: 5; 7; 8 | Yes | 1) Probably not; 2) No | 1/2/3) None stated | 1/2/3) None stated |
de Savigny [17] | 2004 | Tanzania: Rufiji DSS | Under 5 years old | 320 (all malaria) | 2; 4a, b, c | Presumed, not demon-strated | 1) Yes; 2) No | â–¡ 1/2) Yes; 3) None stated | â–¡ 1) Yes; 2/3) None stated |
Bojalil [23] | 2007 | Mexico: Hidalgo state | Under 5 years old | 75 ARI & diarrhea | PtoS study: 3; 4a, c; 5; 6; 7 | Yes | 1) Yes; 2) Yes | â–³1/2/3) None stated, but the study aimed to "provide information to better implement interventions linked with IMCI program" | 1/2/3) None stated |
Beiersmann [18] | 2007 | Burkina Faso: sub-portion of 1 district | Under-5 years old with malaria | 100 | 4c; 6 | Yes | 1) Yes; 2) No | 1/2/3) None stated | 1/2/3) None stated |
Waiswa [24] | 2010 | Uganda: Iganga/Mayuge DSS | Neonates | 64 | PtoS study: A) Mother: delivery place and attendant; B) Child: 3; 5; 7 | Yes | 1) No; 2) No | 1/2/3) None stated | 1/2/3) None stated |
Fawcus [39] | 1996 | Zimbabwe: 1 province and urban Harare | Maternal | 166 | 5; 6; 7; 8; 9 | Yes | 1) Possible; 2) Yes | 12/3) None stated | â–³1) Yes; 2/3) None stated |
Castro [36] | 2000 | Mexico: 3 states | Maternal | 145 | 3; CS decision maker; 4a, c; 5; 6; 7; 8 | Yes | 1) Yes; 2) Yes | â–¡ 1) Yes; 2/3) None stated | 1/2/3) None stated |
Supratikto [38] | 2002 | Indonesia: 3 districts, S. Kalimantan | Maternal | 130 | 4c, 5; 6; 7 | Yes | 1) Possible; 2: Yes | â–¡ 1/2/3) Yes | â–³1) Yes; 2/3) None stated |
Bartlett [34] | 2005 | Afghanistan: Kabul & 3 districts | Maternal | 133 | 4c; 5; 6; 7 | No | 1) Possible 2) Yes | â–¡ 1) None stated; 2/3) Yes | 1/2/3) None stated |
Campbell [35] | 2005 | Egypt | Maternal | 718 (1992/3) / 580 (2000) | 3; 4c; 5; 7 | Yes | 1) Yes; 2) Yes | â–¡ 1/2/3) Yes | â–³1) Passive; 2/3) None stated |
UNICEF [10] | 2008 | India: 4 districts in 3 states | Maternal | 102 (1 district) | 3; 4a, b, c; 5; 6 | Yes | 1) Possible; 2) Yes | â–¡ 1/2/3) Yes | â–¡ 1/2) Yes; 3) None stated |
Jafarey [37] | 2009 | Pakistan: 2 districts | Maternal | 128 | 3; 4c; 5; 6; 7; 8 | Yes | 1) Possible/No; 2) Yes | â–¡ 1) Yes: 2/3) None stated | 1/2/3) None stated |
D'Ambruoso [40] | 2010 | Burkina Faso: 1 district; Indonesia: 2 districts | Maternal | 70 (BF) / 104 (Indonesia) | 5; 6; 7 | Yes | 1) No; 2) Yes | 1/2/3) None stated | 1/2/3) None stated |