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Table 3 Overall and abdominal obesity by place of residence, physiological, and socio-economic factors among 35- to 70-year-old Tunisian women (complete-case analysis n = 2,633)

From: Abdominal vs. overall obesity among women in a nutrition transition context: geographic and socio-economic patterns of abdominal-only obesity in Tunisia

  

Overall obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)

Abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 88 cm)

  

Unadjusted

Adjusteda

Unadjusted

Adjusteda

 

n

%b

ORc

C.I.d

ORc

C.I.d

%b

ORc

C.I.d

ORc

C.I.d

Place of residence

           

Area

  

P < 0.0001

P = 0.021

 

P < 0.0001

P = 0.45

   Rural

1184

24.1%

1

-

1

-

49.7%

1

-

1

-

   Urban

1449

45.0%

2.6

2.0-3.3

1.4

1.1-1.7

67.7%

2.1

1.6-2.7

1.1

0.9-1.5

Region

  

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

 

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

   South-West

366

32.9%

1

-

1

-

43.1%

1

-

1

-

   Center-West

433

25.0%

0.7

0.5-1.0

1.0

0.7-1.5

42.4%

1.0

0.6-1.5

1.2

0.8-1.9

   North-West

440

26.5%

0.7

0.5-1.2

1.0

0.7-1.6

42.8%

1.0

0.7-1.5

1.3

0.9-2.0

   South-East

384

44.9%

1.7

1.1-2.6

1.7

1.1-2.6

77.2%

4.5

3.1-6.4

5.0

3.4-7.2

   Center-East

366

39.9%

1.4

0.9-2.0

1.3

0.9-1.9

63.9%

2.3

1.6-3.4

2.5

1.7-3.8

   North-East

326

35.7%

1.1

0.8-1.7

1.3

0.9-1.8

65.1%

2.5

1.7-3.6

3.1

2.1-4.7

   Greater Tunis

318

49.3%

1.9

1.3-3.0

1.7

1.1-2.5

77.1%

4.4

2.7-7.4

5.4

3.5-8.2

Physiological factors

           

Age

  

P = 0.029

P = 0.035

 

P < 0.0001

P = 0.018

   35-44 y.

886

34.0%

1

-

1

-

53.6%

1

-

1

-

   45-54 y.

937

42.5%

1.4

1.1-1.9

1.6

1.1-2.2

66.2%

1.7

1.3-2.2

1.5

1.1-2.1

   55-70 y.

810

38.6%

1.2

1.0-1.6

1.5

1.0-2.2

68.5%

1.9

1.4-2.5

1.5

1.0-2.2

Menopause

  

P = 0.96

P = 0.22

 

P = 0.001

P = 0.46

   No

1242

37.9%

1

-

1

-

57.5%

1

-

1

-

   Yes

1391

38.0%

1.0

0.8-1.2

0.8

0.6-1.1

66.3%

1.5

1.2-1.8

1.1

0.8-1.5

Parity

  

P = 0.023

P = 0.55

 

P = 0.22

P = 0.019

   1st tertile (0-3)

772

38.4%

1

-

1

-

58.4%

1

-

1

-

   2nd tertile (4-5)

819

41.6%

1.1

0.9-1.5

1.2

0.9-1.5

63.7%

1.3

1.0-1.6

1.3

1.0-1.7

   3rd tertile (6+)

1042

33.8%

0.8

0.6-1.1

1.0

0.7-1.4

63.4%

1.2

0.9-1.6

1.5

1.1-2.0

Socio-economic position

         

Marital status

  

P = 0.65

P = 0.89

 

P = 0.63

P = 0.55

   Other

443

39.2%

1

-

1

-

65.4%

1

-

1

-

   Married

2190

37.7%

0.9

0.7-1.2

1.0

0.7-1.3

61.0%

0.8

0.6-1.1

0.9

0.7-1.2

Education

  

P < 0.0001

P = 0.12

 

P = 0.0081

P = 0.048

   No formal schooling

1550

32.5%

1

-

1

-

59.1%

1

-

1

-

   Primary school

769

45.6%

1.7

1.4-2.2

1.2

0.9-1.6

67.3%

1.4

1.1-1.8

1.1

0.9-1.5

   Secondary or more

314

39.8%

1.4

1.0-1.9

0.9

0.5-1.4

59.0%

1.0

0.7-1.4

0.7

0.5-1.1

Professional activity

  

P = 0.54

P = 0.079

 

P = 0.035

P = 0.014

   Not working/Retired

2142

38.6%

1

-

1

-

63.9%

1

-

1

-

   Employee/worker

376

38.0%

1.0

0.7-1.4

1.0

0.7-1.5

54.9%

0.7

0.5-1.0

0.7

0.5-1.0

   Upper/Intermediate

115

31.9%

0.7

0.4-1.3

0.5

0.3-0.9

53.5%

0.7

0.4-1.1

0.5

0.3-0.9

Household welfare index e

  

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

 

P < 0.0001

P < 0.001

   1st quintile

710

17.0%

1

-

1

-

41.8%

1

-

1

-

   2nd quintile

657

33.6%

2.5

1.8-3.5

1.9

1.4-2.7

59.4%

2.0

1.5-2.7

1.6

1.2-2.1

   3rd quintile

568

45.3%

4.0

2.9-5.6

2.8

2.0-4.0

70.0%

3.1

2.3-4.1

2.2

1.6-3.0

   4th quintile

385

50.5%

5.0

3.5-7.0

3.5

2.4-5.2

72.8%

3.7

2.7-5.3

2.7

1.9-3.9

   5th quintile

313

46.9%

4.3

2.9-6.4

3.6

2.3-5.7

68.2%

3.0

1.9-4.7

2.8

1.9-4.3

  1. aAssociation of response variable with each place of residence, physiological, or socio-economic variable adjusted for all other variables in column 1.
  2. bPrevalence proportion (weighted estimates).
  3. cPrevalence Odds-Ratio vs. reference category for which OR = 1, taking into account sampling design.
  4. d0.95 confidence interval taking into account sampling design.
  5. eIncreasing household welfare level from 1st to 5th quintile.
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Population Health Metrics

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