Propensity score weighting for addressing under-reporting in mortality surveillance: a proof-of-concept study using the nationally representative mortality data in China

Guo, Kang; Yin, Peng; Wang, Lijun; Ji, Yibing; Li, Qingfeng; Bishai, David; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Yunning; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Feng, Xiaoqi; You, Jinling; Liu, Jiangmei; Zhou, Maigeng

doi:10.1186/s12963-015-0051-3

Population Health Metrics

Table 2 Coefficient and standard error of variables in model 2 (for above 5 years)

From: Propensity score weighting for addressing under-reporting in mortality surveillance: a proof-of-concept study using the nationally representative mortality data in China

Variable	Estimated coefficient	Standard error	z	p
Intercept	−1.860	0.068	759.88	<0.01
Region(x₁) (ref: East)
Central	−0.183	0.015	147.83	<0.01
West	0.419	0.015	826.06	<0.01
Age(x₂) (ref: 6–14 years)
15-44years	−0.036	0.041	0.797	0.397
45-64years	−0.021	0.038	0.294	0.587
65 years or older	−0.070	0.038	3.485	0.062
Year(x₃) (ref: 2009)
Year 2010	−0.007	0.015	0.227	0.634
Year 2011	−0.068	0.015	21.856	<0.01
Highest level of hospital where disease was diagnosed (x₄)(ref: provincial level)
City level	−0.172	0.030	34.18	<0.01
County level	0.006	0.027	0.041	0.838
Township level	0.058	0.032	3.369	0.067
Village level	−0.152	0.046	10.894	0.001
Other	−0.178	0.051	12.030	<0.01
No treatment	0.582	0.090	41.720	<0.01
Marital status(x₅) (ref: Married)
Unmarried	0.095	0.054	3.093	0.079
Divorce	−0.391	0.100	15.357	<0.01
Widowed	−0.122	0.044	7.519	0.006
Unknown	0.428	0.123	12.178	<0.001
Education (x₆) (ref: Illiteracy)
Primary school	−0.015	0.031	0.240	0.624
Middle school	0.065	0.033	3.797	0.051
University or above	−0.022	0.073	0.089	0.766
Unknown	−0.076	0.079	0.931	0.335
Occupation(x₇) (ref: peasant)
Official and administrator	−0.017	0.053	0.105	0.746
Technical staff	−0.653	0.153	18.350	<.001
Clerk	−0.016	0.130	0.015	0.904
Self-employed	0.657	0.155	17.875	<.001
Worker	0.017	0.112	0.024	0.877
Unemployed and retired	−0.209	0.087	5.769	0.016
Other	0.379	0.047	65.934	<.001
Place of death(x₈) (ref: Home)
Hospital	−0.151	0.044	11.892	<0.001
On the way to the hospital	−0.190	0.070	7.351	<0.001
Other place	0.228	0.053	18.306	<0.001
Unknown	0.039	0.124	0.101	0.751
Cause of death(x₉) (ref: other disease)
Cancer	0.056	0.046	1.476	0.224
Cardiovascular disease	0.098	0.042	5.44	0.020
Respiratory disease	0.120	0.050	5.87	0.015
Nervous system disease	−0.137	0.09	2.23	0.135
Digestive system disease	−0.118	0.07	2.53	0.112
Urinary system disease	0.036	0.091	0.16	0.694
Congenital anomalies	−0.083	0.211	0.16	0.693
Injury	−0.056	0.053	1.12	0.291
Infectious disease	−0.153	0.067	5.14	0.023
Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium	0.057	0.265	0.047	0.829

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