Table 1 List of risk factors with the corresponding exposure metric

Excess body weight

Body mass index (kg per m²)

High blood pressure

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

High cholesterol

LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

High blood glucose

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)

Seat belts

How often a seat belt is worn:

• Always or does not drive or ride in a car

• Nearly always

• Sometimes

• Seldom

• Never

Tobacco use

Three smoking categories:

• Non-smoker

• Current smoker

• Former smoker

Alcohol use

Includes both average consumption and pattern of drinking (binge drinking)

Average consumption:

• Abstainer not having had a drink containing alcohol in the last 30 days;

• 0–19.99 g of pure alcohol daily (females) and 0–39.99 g (males)

• 20–39.99 g (females) and 40–59.99 g (males);

• ≥40 g (females) and ≥60 g (males)

Binge drinking was defined as having at least one occasion of five or more drinks in the last month (men) or four or more drinks in the last month (women)

Physical activity

Based on physical activity during the past 30 days:

• Inactive, no moderate or vigorous physical activity;

• Low-active, <2.5 h/wk of moderate activity or <600 MET min/wk;

• Moderately active: either ≥2.5 h/wk of moderate activity or ≥1 h of vigorous activity; and ≥600 MET min/wk;

• Highly active: ≥1 h/wk of vigorous activity and ≥1,600 MET min/wk.

Fruit intake

Dietary fruit intake over the past 30 days (average grams per day)

Vegetable intake

Dietary vegetable intake over the past 30 days (average grams per day)

Omega-3 fatty acids intake

Dietary omega-3 fatty acids during the past 30 days (average milligrams of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) per day)

Nut intake

Dietary nut and seed intake, including peanut butter during the past 30 days (average grams per day)