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Table 5 Adjusted drug involvement by age group and change vs. reported proportiona

From: Drug poisoning deaths in the United States, 1999–2012: a statistical adjustment analysis

Drug category

% [95 % ci]

16–59 year olds

≥60 year olds

Adjustedb

% Differencec

Adjustedb

% Differencec

1999

 Narcotics

81.1 [80.2–82.0]

31.4 [29.9–32.8]

36.5 [32.3–40.7]

39.5 [23.3–55.7]

  Opioid analgesics

32.0 [30.8–33.2]

30.4 [25.6–35.1]

23.4 [19.5–27.3]

42.0 [18.1–65.9]

  Other narcotics

61.8 [60.7–62.9]

37.3 [34.8–39.8]

16.6 [13.6–19.6]

40.7 [15.2–66.2]

 Sedatives

15.2 [14.3–16.2]

60.8 [50.5–71.2]

20.8 [17.0–24.6]

39.2 [13.8–64.6]

 Psychotropics

21.3 [20.3–22.4]

44.4 [37.2–51.7]

20.3 [16.5–24.1]

52.8 [24.1–81.5]

 Other specified

6.7 [6.1–7.4]

38.3 [24.8–51.9]

32.3 [28.2–36.4]

3.8 [−9.2–16.9]

 Unspecified

35.4 [34.3–36.6]

−30.5 [−28.2 – −32.7]

36.7 [32.5–40.8]

−15.9 [−6.4 – −25.3]

 >1 Major drug classd

29.6 [28.4–30.8]

58.2 [51.8–64.7]

18.3 [14.6–22.1]

63.5 [30.0–97.0]

2012

 Narcotics

83.4 [82.9–84.0]

34.2 [33.4–35.0]

64.0 [62.1–66.0]

35.2 [31.1–39.4]

  Opioid analgesics

54.9 [54.2–55.6]

41.0 [39.2–42.9]

48.9 [46.7–51.1]

39.2 [33.1–45.3]

  Other narcotics

40.6 [39.9–41.3]

38.2 [35.9–40.5]

20.2 [18.6–21.8]

34.4 [23.8–45.0]

 Sedatives

30.2 [29.6–30.9]

60.7 [57.0–64.4]

28.8 [26.7–30.8]

60.5 [49.1–71.8]

 Psychotropics

25.9 [25.2–26.5]

44.8 [41.1–48.4]

27.5 [25.6–29.5]

44.0 [33.8–54.3]

 Other specified

9.6 [9.2–10.1]

48.6 [41.8–55.5]

22.5 [20.8–24.2]

28.9 [19.1–38.8]

 Unspecified

34.1 [33.4–34.7]

−31.9 [−30.5 – −33.2]

34.5 [32.5–36.5]

−26.7 [−22.5 – −30.9]

 >1 Major drug classd

43.6 [42.9–44.4]

58.8 [56.1–61.5]

36.4 [34.2–38.5]

60.8 [51.3–70.3]

  1. aData from the Multiple Cause of Death files
  2. bAdjusted proportions are average predicted values from probit models, where at least one specific drug is assumed to be mentioned for all poisoning deaths (SPECIFY = 1). Models also control for: sex, race (black, other), Hispanic, currently married, education (high school dropout, high school graduate, some college, college graduate), age (≤20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80, >80), day of the week of death, and census region
  3. c% Difference shows the percentage difference between adjusted proportions and those obtained directly from mentions on death certificates
  4. dTwo or more of the drug types: opioid analgesics, other narcotics, sedatives, psychotropics, or other specified drugs