Multiple-bias analysis as a technique to address systematic error in measures of abortion-related mortality

Gerdts, Caitlin; Ahern, Jennifer

doi:10.1186/s12963-016-0075-3

Population Health Metrics

Table 2 Multiple-bias analysis results for Study A: proportion of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortion adjusted for selection bias, misclassification, and random error, after 50,000 simulation trials per scenario

From: Multiple-bias analysis as a technique to address systematic error in measures of abortion-related mortality

Bias model	Scenario (probability distribution/s)	Median	2.5, 97.5 percentiles	Ratio of limits
None (reported)	NA	0.206	0.206, 0.206	1.00
None (conventional, with estimate of precision)	NA	0.206	0.196, 0.316	1.61
Adjusted for misclassification only, no random error	1 (W₁&W₂ narrow)	0.369	0.248, 0.523	2.11
	2 (W₁&W₂ medium)	0.368	0.245, 0.530	2.16
	3 (W₁&W₂ wide)	0.372	0.242, 0.550	2.27
Adjusted for misclassification and selection bias, no random error	4 (W₁&W₂ narrow, W₃&W₄ narrow)	0.305	0.209, 0.431	2.06
	5 (W₁&W₂ narrow, W₃&W₄ medium)	0.308	0.210, 0.438	2.08
	6 (W₁&W₂ narrow, W₃&W₄ wide)	0.302	0.206, 0.432	2.10
	7 (W₁&W₂ medium, W₃&W₄ narrow)	0.305	0.207, 0.437	2.11
	8 (W₁&W₂ medium, W₃&W₄ medium)	0.306	0.207, 0.443	2.14
	9 (W₁&W₂ medium, W₃&W₄ wide)	0.302	0.204, 0.437	2.11
	10 (W₁&W₂ wide, W₃&W₄ narrow)	0.308	0.206, 0.452	2.19
	11 (W₁&W₂ wide, W₃&W₄ medium)	0.310	0.206, 0.458	2.22
	12 (W₁&W₂ wide, W₃&W₄ wide)	0.305	0.203, 0.452	1.96
Adjusted for misclassification and selection bias, random error included	13 (W₁&W₂ narrow, W₃&W₄ narrow)	0.307	0.175, 0.462	2.64
	14 (W₁&W₂ narrow, W₃&W₄ medium)	0.310	0.176, 0.469	2.66
	15 (W₁&W₂ narrow, W₃&W₄ wide)	0.304	0.173, 0.461	2.66
	16 (W₁&W₂ medium, W₃&W₄ narrow)	0.307	0.174, 0.467	2.68
	17 (W₁&W₂ medium, W₃&W₄ medium)	0.309	0.173, 0.473	2.78
	18 (W₁&W₂ medium, W₃&W₄ wide)	0.304	0.170, 0.466	2.74
	19 (W₁&W₂ wide, W₃&W₄ narrow)	0.311	0.173, 0.480	2.77
	20 (W₁&W₂ wide, W₃&W₄ medium)	0.313	0.172, 0.485	2.81
	21 (W₁&W₂ wide, W₃&W₄ wide)	0.308	0.169, 0.480	2.84

W₁: Selection probability for abortion-related deaths
W₂: Selection probability for non-abortion-related deaths
W₃: Sensitivity of cause of death classification
W₄: Specificity of cause of death classification

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