| Males | Females | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 1970 | 1984 | 1994 | 2004 | 2010 | 1970 | 1984 | 1994 | 2004 | 2010 |
Established market economies | 68.18 | 72.08 | 73.91 | 76.56 | 77.90 | 74.75 | 78.75 | 80.43 | 82.18 | 83.13 |
Australiaa | 67.48 | 72.66 | 74.98 | 78.45 | 79.73 | 74.29 | 79.21 | 80.89 | 83.29 | 84.17 |
Austria | 66.49 | 69.96 | 73.10 | 76.41 | 77.71 | 73.42 | 77.14 | 79.61 | 82.09 | 83.13 |
Belgium | 67.82 | 70.92 | 73.34 | 75.96 | 77.38 | 74.13 | 77.76 | 79.97 | 81.82 | 82.63 |
Canadaa | 69.34 | 73.01 | 74.87 | 77.70 | 79.02 | 76.30 | 79.79 | 80.89 | 82.45 | 83.40 |
Denmark | 70.87 | 71.63 | 72.74 | 75.13 | 77.11 | 75.94 | 77.61 | 78.06 | 79.78 | 81.29 |
England & Wales | 68.89 | 71.86 | 74.17 | 76.89 | 78.62 | 75.19 | 77.72 | 79.45 | 81.21 | 82.53 |
Finlanda | 66.15 | 70.47 | 72.79 | 75.30 | 76.51 | 74.41 | 78.76 | 80.13 | 82.24 | 83.12 |
France | 68.38 | 71.13 | 73.64 | 76.69 | 78.06 | 75.82 | 79.35 | 81.88 | 83.86 | 84.71 |
Iceland | 70.70 | 74.75 | 77.09 | 78.93 | 79.73 | 77.24 | 80.19 | 81.31 | 82.91 | 83.78 |
Irelanda | 68.57 | 70.88 | 73.04 | 76.07 | 77.26 | 73.31 | 76.53 | 78.63 | 81.02 | 82.22 |
Italya | 68.70 | 72.12 | 74.47 | 78.08 | 79.21 | 74.55 | 78.75 | 81.02 | 83.77 | 84.21 |
Japan | 69.32 | 74.62 | 76.60 | 78.61 | 79.56 | 74.69 | 80.30 | 82.94 | 85.59 | 86.34 |
Luxembourga | 66.35 | 69.54 | 73.13 | 75.91 | 78.05 | 72.91 | 76.55 | 79.41 | 82.14 | 82.88 |
Netherlandsa | 70.82 | 72.95 | 74.56 | 76.87 | 78.55 | 76.52 | 79.67 | 80.28 | 81.41 | 82.63 |
New Zealandb | 68.15 | 71.16 | 74.15 | 77.33 | 78.39 | 74.49 | 77.67 | 79.66 | 81.42 | 82.33 |
Northern Ireland | 67.73 | 70.35 | 73.17 | 76.00 | 77.16 | 73.67 | 76.73 | 78.64 | 80.71 | 81.69 |
Norwaya | 70.98 | 72.91 | 74.86 | 77.49 | 78.62 | 77.31 | 79.49 | 80.62 | 82.30 | 83.03 |
Portugal | 63.90 | 69.36 | 72.13 | 74.92 | 76.73 | 70.15 | 76.44 | 79.25 | 81.77 | 83.04 |
Scotland | 67.13 | 69.86 | 72.09 | 74.25 | 76.15 | 73.42 | 75.89 | 77.69 | 79.38 | 80.61 |
Spain | 69.31 | 73.20 | 74.48 | 76.99 | 79.01 | 74.87 | 79.68 | 81.71 | 83.67 | 85.03 |
Sweden | 72.24 | 73.82 | 76.05 | 78.33 | 79.50 | 77.22 | 79.92 | 81.34 | 82.61 | 83.44 |
Switzerland | 70.02 | 73.34 | 75.13 | 78.46 | 80.04 | 76.16 | 80.02 | 81.70 | 83.49 | 84.37 |
United States of America | 67.02 | 71.12 | 72.40 | 75.02 | 76.37 | 74.68 | 78.18 | 79.06 | 80.10 | 81.20 |
West Germany | 67.32 | 71.24 | 73.51 | 76.54 | 77.92 | 73.65 | 77.89 | 79.80 | 81.94 | 82.72 |
Central and Eastern Europe | 67.00 | 67.32 | 67.98 | 71.27 | 72.46 | 73.06 | 74.68 | 76.19 | 79.03 | 79.94 |
Bulgaria | 69.11 | 68.34 | 67.16 | 69.01 | 70.28 | 73.51 | 74.37 | 74.73 | 76.18 | 77.22 |
Czech Republic | 66.02 | 67.28 | 69.45 | 72.59 | 74.41 | 73.00 | 74.44 | 76.58 | 79.18 | 80.62 |
East Germany | 68.12 | 69.62 | 70.69 | 75.27 | 76.69 | 73.31 | 75.39 | 78.16 | 81.73 | 82.60 |
Hungarya | 66.32 | 64.95 | 64.96 | 68.70 | 70.18 | 72.10 | 73.10 | 74.41 | 77.14 | 78.20 |
Polanda | 66.44 | 66.82 | 67.44 | 70.61 | 71.48 | 73.14 | 74.92 | 76.05 | 79.18 | 79.90 |
Slovakiaa | 66.66 | 66.73 | 68.25 | 70.32 | 71.36 | 72.94 | 74.84 | 76.44 | 78.03 | 78.95 |
Former Soviet Union | 64.26 | 62.67 | 58.97 | 59.98 | 63.46 | 73.88 | 73.41 | 71.75 | 72.86 | 74.95 |
Belarus | 67.92 | 65.42 | 63.41 | 63.11 | 64.57 | 76.04 | 75.49 | 74.36 | 74.96 | 76.45 |
Estonia | 65.47 | 64.57 | 60.62 | 66.40 | 70.57 | 74.55 | 74.26 | 72.95 | 77.92 | 80.49 |
Latvia | 65.64 | 64.05 | 58.71 | 65.58 | 67.42 | 74.25 | 74.44 | 72.21 | 76.02 | 77.38 |
Lithuania | 66.84 | 65.35 | 62.53 | 66.28 | 67.52 | 75.08 | 75.53 | 74.75 | 77.72 | 78.73 |
Russian Federation | 63.09 | 61.68 | 57.39 | 58.83 | 62.90 | 73.47 | 72.95 | 71.06 | 72.27 | 74.73 |
Ukrainea | 66.52 | 64.59 | 62.36 | 61.96 | 64.32 | 74.48 | 74.08 | 72.93 | 73.58 | 74.79 |
All countries | 67.31 | 69.85 | 70.59 | 73.27 | 75.10 | 74.42 | 77.29 | 78.33 | 80.18 | 81.41 |
Max-min range | 9.14 | 13.07 | 19.70 | 20.10 | 17.15 | 7.16 | 7.35 | 11.88 | 13.31 | 11.60 |
Standard deviation | 2.04 | 4.00 | 6.09 | 6.45 | 5.55 | 1.00 | 2.47 | 3.77 | 4.06 | 3.57 |