Current tobacco use and its associated factors among adults in a country with comprehensive ban on tobacco: findings from the nationally representative STEPS survey, Bhutan, 2014

Table 1 Factors associated with current tobacco use among adult Bhutanese aged 18-69 years, STEPS Survey, 2014

Characteristics	Total	Tobacco use (%)^a	PR (95 % CI)^a	Adjusted PR (95 % CI)^a
Total	2820	24.8	-	-
Age groups
18–24	281	23.4	1.2 (1.1–1.2)	1.6 (1.2–2.1)
25–34	762	29.1	1.5 (1.4–1.5)	1.5 (1.2–1.8)
35–44	751	24.9	1.3 (1.2–1.3)	1.1* (0.9–1.4)
45–54	572	19.9	Ref	Ref
55–69	456	20.2	1.0 (1.0–1.0)	1.0* (0.7–1.3)
Gender
Male	1074	33.6	2.5 (2.4–2.5)	2.4 (2.0–3.0)
Female	1748	13.6	Ref	Ref
Highest level of education
Secondary	421	26.7	1.3 (1.2–1.3)	1.2* (1.0–1.4)
Primary	632	31.8	1.5 (1.5–1.5)	1.3 (1.1–1.5)
No formal schooling	1766	21.0	Ref	Ref
Occupation
Employed	480	29.8	1.9 (1.8–1.9)	0.9* (0.7–1.2)
Self employed	1558	26.8	1.7 (1.7–1.7)	1.3 (1.1–1.6)
Unpaid/student/homemaker	782	15.8	Ref	Ref
Marital status
Never married	225	22.9	0.8 (0.8–0.9)	0.5 (0.4–0.7)
Married/co-habiting	2278	24.8	0.9 (0.9–0.9)	0.7 (0.6–0.9)
Separated/widowed/divorced	317	27.9	Ref	Ref
Alcohol use
Yes	1,360	32.6	1.9 (1.9–1.9)	1.8 (1.5–2.0)
No	1,459	17.1	Ref	Ref
Secondhand smoke exposure
Yes	777	32.3	1.5 (1.5–1.5)	1.2 (1.1–1.3)
No	2045	21.5	Ref	Ref
Exposure to tobacco warnings
Yes	2201	24.1	0.9 (0.9–0.9)	0.9 (0.7–1.0)
No	619	27.81	Ref	Ref
Family history of NCDs^b
Yes	1247	27.1	1.2 (1.2–1.2)	1.2 (1.1–1.3)
No	1572	23.0	Ref	Ref
Physical activity^c
Yes	2417	26.1	Ref	Ref
No	402	16.4	0.6 (0.6–0.7)	0.7 (0.6–0.9)

Only significant variables in the multivariate model are shown in table, other variables included in the analysis were history of NCDs, place of residence (rural vs. urban), and advice by health workers
^aWeighted analysis, PR- unadjusted prevalence ratio, NCD- Non-communicable diseases
^bBlood family members (sibling, parent, grandparent, aunt or uncle) been diagnosed with following; diabetes or raised blood sugar, raised blood pressure, stroke, cancer or malignant tumor, raised cholesterol, early heart attack, asthma or chronic lung disease (COPD) or kidney disease
^cWork involves vigorous/moderate-intensity activity that causes large increases in breathing or heart rate
*Not significant at P-value <0.05

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