|
Characteristics
|
Total
|
Current Smokeless Tobacco user (%)a
|
PR (95 % CI)a
|
Adjusted PR (95 % CI)a
|
|---|
|
Total
|
2820
|
19.7
|
-
|
-
|
|
Age groups
|
|
18–24
|
281
|
16.6
|
0.9 (0.9–1.0)
|
1.8 (1.4–2.5)
|
|
25–34
|
762
|
20.8
|
1.2 (1.1–1.2)
|
1.5 (1.2–1.8)
|
|
35–44
|
751
|
22.2
|
1.3 (1.2–1.3)
|
1.2* (0.9–1.5)
|
|
45–54
|
572
|
17.8
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
55–69
|
456
|
17.2
|
1.0 (0.9–1.0)
|
0.9* (0.6–1.2)
|
|
Gender
|
|
Male
|
1074
|
26.5
|
2.4 (2.4–2.5)
|
2.7 (2.1–3.4)
|
|
Female
|
1748
|
11.0
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Highest level of education
|
|
Secondary
|
421
|
15.2
|
0.8 (0.8–0.8)
|
0.9 (0.7–1.1)
|
|
Primary
|
632
|
25.5
|
1.4 (1.4–1.4)
|
1.3* (1.1–1.5)
|
|
No formal schooling
|
1766
|
18.5
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Marital status
|
|
Never married
|
225
|
16.5
|
0.8 (0.7–0.8)
|
0.5 (0.3–0.7)
|
|
Married/co-habiting
|
2278
|
19.9
|
0.9 (0.9–0.9)
|
0.8* (0.6–1.1)
|
|
Separated/widowed/divorced
|
317
|
22.2
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Alcohol use
|
|
Yes
|
1,360
|
27.1
|
2.2 (2.2–2.2)
|
2.2 (1.9–2.7)
|
|
No
|
1,459
|
12.3
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Exposure to tobacco warnings in general
|
|
Yes
|
2201
|
18.5
|
0.8 (0.7–0.8)
|
0.8 (0.7–0.9)
|
|
No
|
619
|
24.6
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Family history of NCDsb
|
|
Yes
|
1247
|
21.1
|
1.1 (1.1–1.2)
|
1.2 (1.1–1.4)
|
|
No
|
1572
|
18.6
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Physical activityc
|
|
Yes
|
2417
|
9.7
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
No
|
402
|
21.3
|
0.5 (0.4–0.5)
|
0.6 (0.4–0.8)
|
- Only significant variables in the multivariate model are shown in table, other variables included in the analysis were history of NCDs, place of residence (rural vs. urban), occupation, and advice by health workers
- aWeighted analysis, PR- unadjusted prevalence ratio, NCD- Non-communicable diseases
- bBlood family members (sibling, parent, grandparent, aunt or uncle) been diagnosed with following; diabetes or raised blood sugar, raised blood pressure, stroke, cancer or malignant tumor, raised cholesterol, early heart attack (below age 50 for men and below age 55 for women), asthma or chronic lung disease (COPD) or kidney disease
- cWork involves vigorous/moderate-intensity activity that causes large increases in breathing or heart rate
- *Not significant at P-value <0.05
