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Table 2 Crude neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates (per 1,000 live births) for singleton live births by mother’s nativity status and birthplace: Canada (excluding Ontario), 1990–2005

From: Infant mortality among the Canadian-born offspring of immigrants and non-immigrants in Canada: a population-based study

 

Neonatal mortality

Postneonatal mortality

 

NMR (95 % CI)

Absolute Difference (rate)

Relative Difference (%)b

PNMR (95 % CI)

Absolute Difference (rate)

Relative Difference (%)b

Totala

2.57 (2.51–2.62)

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---

1.71 (1.66–1.75)

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Canadian-born

2.63 (2.57–2.69)

Reference

Reference

1.80 (1.75–1.85)

Reference

Reference

Foreign-born

2.22 (2.09–2.35)

-0.41

-15.59

1.20 (1.10–1.29)

-0.60

-33.33

Among foreign-born

 US

1.95 (1.52–2.37)

-0.68

-25.86

1.54 (1.16–1.92)

-0.26

-14.44

 North Africa

2.06 (1.39–2.72)

-0.57

-21.67

0.89 (0.45–1.32)

-0.91

-50.56

 Sub-Saharan Africa

3.04 (2.35–3.73)

0.41

15.59

1.52 (1.03–2.01)

-0.28

-15.56

 Haiti

5.68 (4.64–6.72)

3.05

115.97

1.79 (1.21–2.38)

-0.01

-0.56

 Non-Spanish Caribbean

3.66 (2.51–4.80)

1.03

39.16

1.78 (0.98–2.28)

-0.02

-1.11

 Latin America

2.71 (2.19–3.23)

0.08

3.04

0.85 (0.56–1.14)

-0.95

-52.78

 Pakistan

4.00 (2.57–5.43)

1.37

52.09

3.07 (1.85–4.32)

1.27

70.56

 South Asia

2.01 (1.66–2.35)

-0.62

-23.57

1.00 (0.75–1.24)

-0.80

-44.44

 West/Central Asia

2.27 (1.75–2.79)

-0.36

-13.69

1.39 (0.98–1.80)

-0.41

-22.78

 East/Southeast Asia

1.72 (1.51–1.94)

-0.91

-34.60

1.12 (0.91–1.25)

-0.68

-37.78

 Europe

1.92 (1.66–2.18)

-0.71

-27.00

1.12 (0.92–1.31)

-0.68

-37.78

 Rest of the World

1.39 (0.69–2.09)

-1.24

-47.15

0.93 (0.35–1.50)

-0.87

-48.33

  1. Bold indicates immigrant rates for which 95 % CIs do not overlap with the Canadian-born rate
  2. aTotal IMR (NMR + PNMR) is slightly different from rate reported for Canada by Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC, 2008) because of sample exclusion criteria imposed in current analysis
  3. bRelative difference calculated by dividing the absolute difference by the Canadian-born rate and multiplying by 100