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Table 5 Adjusted hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for the associations between maternal birthplace and education and neonatal/postneonatal mortality, net of covariates, for all infants and stratified by infant sex: Haitian-origin and Canadian-born women in Québec, 1990–2005

From: Infant mortality among the Canadian-born offspring of immigrants and non-immigrants in Canada: a population-based study

 

Neonatal mortalitya

Postneonatal mortalityb

Adjusted HR (95 % CI)

Adjusted HR (95 % CI)

All Infants

 Maternal birthplace

  Canada

1.00

1.00

  Haiti

2.13 (1.76, 2.57)

1.26 (0.90, 1.76)

 Maternal education

  Less than high school

1.45 (1.28, 1.64)

1.91 (1.64, 2.24)

  High school

1.32 (1.16, 1.50)

1.54 (1.30, 1.82)

  Some college

1.13 (1.02, 1.25)

1.09 (0.94, 1.26)

  University or higher

1.00

1.00

  Missing

1.71 (1.51, 1.94)

1.58 (1.30, 1.91)

 Number of observations

1,104,063

1,101,264

Male infants

 Maternal birthplace

  Canada

1.00

1.00

  Haiti

1.95 (1.49, 2.53)

1.30 (0.84, 2.02)

 Maternal education

  

  Less than high school

1.48 (1.26, 1.75)

1.98 (1.61, 2.42)

  High school

1.40 (1.19, 1.65)

1.52 (1.22, 1.89)

  Some college

1.12 (0.98, 1.28)

1.04 (0.86, 1.26)

  University or higher

1.00

1.00

  Missing

1.76 (1.49, 2.08)

1.63 (1.27, 2.09)

 Number of observations

566,874

565,273

Female infants

 Maternal birthplace

  Canada

1.00

1.00

  Haiti

2.37 (1.80, 3.13)

1.21 (0.72, 2.03)

 Maternal education

  Less than high school

1.41 (1.17, 1.70)

1.84 (1.44, 2.35)

  High school

1.21 (0.99, 1.48)

1.57 (1.21, 2.03)

  Some college

1.14 (0.98, 1.33)

1.15 (0.92, 1.45)

  University or higher

1.00

1.00

  Missing

1.65 (1.36, 2.01)

1.51 (1.12, 2.04)

 Number of observations

537,189

535,991

  1. Bold indicates HRs for which 95 % CIs do not overlap 1.00. Sex-stratified models adjusted for birth cohort, maternal age, marital status, parity, and providence of residence. Non-stratified model also adjusted for infant sex along with other covariates in the sex-stratified models
  2. aHazard ratios and 95 % CIs from Weibull model in proportional hazards metric
  3. bHazard ratios and 95 % CIs from Cox proportional hazards model