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Table 1 Characteristics of included residents

From: Oral/dental items in the resident assessment instrument – minimum Data Set 2.0 lack validity: results of a retrospective, longitudinal validation study

 

Assessment number

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

Sample size

 All residents (n or more assessments)

2711

2711

1240

537

161

8

 Residents with exactly n assessments

NA

1471

703

376

153

8

Age assessment

 Age (Mean ± SD)

84.4 ± 8.9

85.4 ± 8.9

86.0 ± 8.8

86.6 ± 8.4

86.2 ± 8.7

82.3 ± 13.1

  < 65 years

101 (3.7 %)

86 (3.2 %)

34 (2.7 %)

10 (1.9 %)

3 (1.9 %)

1 (12.5 %)

 65–74 years

221 (8.2 %)

197 (7.3 %)

96 (7.7 %)

38 (7.1 %)

14 (8.7 %)

1 (12.5 %)

 75–84 years

939 (34.6 %)

847 (31.2 %)

345 (27.8 %)

147 (27.4 %)

45 (28.0 %)

2 (25.0 %)

 85–94 years

1220 (45.0 %)

1288 (47.5 %)

601 (48.5 %)

264 (49.2 %)

77 (47.8 %)

3 (37.5 %)

  > 94 years

230 (8.5 %)

293 (10.8 %)

164 (13.2 %)

78 (14.5 %)

22 (13.7 %)

1 (12.5 %)

Sex

 Female

1849 (68.2 %)

1849 (68.2 %)

882 (71.1 %)

409 (76.2 %)

130 (80.7 %)

7 (87.5 %)

Physical functioning (Activities of Daily Living – Hierarchical (ADL-H) score)

 Independent (ADL-H < 2)

366 (13.5 %)

286 (0.5 %)

101 (8.1 %)

40 (7.4 %)

10 (6.2 %)

1 (12.5 %)

 Medium dependent (ADL_H 2–4)

1775 (65.5 %)

1707 (63.0 %)

733 (59.1 %)

281 (52.3 %)

77 (47.8 %)

4 (50.0 %)

 Highly dependent (ADL_H > 4)

570 (21.0 %)

718 (26.5 %)

406 (32.7 %)

216 (40.2 %)

74 (46.0 %)

3 (37.5 %)

Cognition (Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) score)

 Relatively intact cognition (CPS < 2)

620 (22.9 %)

500 (18.4 %)

196 (15.8 %)

65 (12.1 %)

11 (6.8 %)

1 (12.5 %)

 Mild/moderate impairment (CPS 2–3)

1440 (53.1 %)

1333 (49.2 %)

586 (47.3 %)

232 (43.2 %)

69 (42.9 %)

2 (25.0 %)

 Severe impairment (CPS > 3)

651 (24.0 %)

878 (32.4 %)

458 (36.9 %)

240 (44.7 %)

81 (50.3 %)

5 (62.5 %)

Behavior/mood

Resists care (at least once per week)

742 (27.4 %)

934 (34.5 %)

447 (36.0 %)

212 (39.5 %)

63 (39.1 %)

2 (25.0 %)

Depression Rating Scale score > 2

673 (24.8 %)

959 (35.4 %)

470 (37.9 %)

194 (36.1 %)

63 (39.1 %)

4 (50.0 %)

Medical diagnoses

 Dementia

1606 (59.2 %)

1813 (66.9 %)

856 (69.0 %)

393 (73.2 %)

120 (74.5 %)

6 (75.0 %)

 Diabetes mellitus

522 (19.3 %)

533 (19.7 %)

256 (20.6 %)

97 (18.1 %)

30 (18.6 %)

1 (12.5 %)

 Atherosclerotic heart disease

175 (5.8 %)

134 (4.9 %)

62 (5.0 %)

22 (4.1 %)

2 (1.2 %)

0 (0.0 %)

 Pneumonia

42 (1.5 %)

36 (1.3 %)

12 (1.0 %)

5 (0.9 %)

2 (1.2 %)

0 (0.0 %)

Dentate status

 Dentate

754 (27.8 %)

528 (19.5 %)

182 (14.7 %)

64 (11.9 %)

19 (11.8 %)

0 (0.0 %)

 Dentures

1502 (55.4 %)

1633 (60.2 %)

757 (61.0 %)

343 (63.9 %)

88 (54.7 %)

5 (62.5 %)

 No dentures

455 (16.8 %)

550 (20.3 %)

301 (24.3 %)

130 (24.2 %)

54 (33.5 %)

3 (37.5 %)

Oral health

 No problems

2582 (95.2 %)

2572 (94.9 %)

1170 (94.4 %)

509 (94.8 %)

153 (95.0 %)

7 (87.5 %)

 Tooth problems (L1d = yes)a

96 (3.5 %)

104 (3.8 %)

54 (4.4 %)

24 (4.5 %)

6 (3.7 %)

1 (12.5 %)

 Periodontal problems (L1e = yes)a

26 (1.0 %)

31 (1.1 %)

15 (1.2 %)

6 (1.1 %)

3 (1.9 %)

1 (12.5 %)

 Mouth pain (K1c = yes)a

28 (1.0 %)

21 (0.8 %)

9 (0.7 %)

5 (0.9 %)

2 (1.2 %)

1 (12.5 %)

 Any oral/dental problemb

129 (4.8 %)

139 (5.1 %)

70 (5.6 %)

28 (5.2 %)

8 (5.0 %)

1 (12.5 %)

 Chewing problem (K1a = yes)

355 (13.1 %)

480 (17.7 %)

295 (23.8 %)

134 (25.0 %)

52 (32.3 %)

3 (37.5 %)

 Swallowing problem (K1b = yes)

324 (12.0 %)

425 (15.7 %)

225 (18.1 %)

103 (19.2 %)

40 (24.8 %)

3 (37.5 %)

 Debris (L1a = yes)

284 (10.5 %)

317 (11.7 %)

140 (11.3 %)

64 (11.9 %)

24 (14.9 %)

1 (12.5 %)

 No daily cleaning (L1f = no)

171 (6.3 %)

103 (3.8 %)

33 (2.7 %)

10 (1.9 %)

1 (0.6 %)

0 (0.0 %)

  1. aSum of Residents with L1d = yes, L1e = yes and K1c = yes may be bigger than the number of residents with oral/dental issues, as residents may have more than on oral/dental problem
  2. bCount of residents who had one or more of tooth problems, periodontal problems, or mouth pain