Table 8 Item-level summary of pass rates and missing data

 Is the child frequently too sick to play? ^b

0.04%

0.88

 Does the child drink from a cup (without a lid) on his/her own?

0.00%

1.00

 Does the child pick up and drop a small object (like a rock) into a bucket or bowl?

0.08%

1.00

 Does the child throw a small ball or rock in a forward direction?

0.12%

0.99

 Does the child walk several steps without the support of a person or object (e.g., wall or furniture)?

0.00%

0.99

 Does the child bend down to the ground and stand up again without falling?

0.20%

0.99

 Does the child climb onto an object such as a chair or stoop?

0.00%

0.99

 Does the child run more than a few steps without falling or bumping into objects?

0.04%

0.98

 Does the child kick a ball or other round object forward?

0.89%

0.96

 Does the child make a mark on paper with a pen or pencil, or in the dirt with a stick?

0.93%

0.96

 Does the child stack three or more small objects (e.g., blocks, cups, bottle caps) on top of each other?

5.48%

0.95

  ^aDoes the child walk backward?

6.53%

0.94

  ^aDoes the child pick up a small object like a rock with just his/her thumb and a finger?

10.72%

0.81

  ^aDoes the child jump with both feet leaving the ground?

8.14%

0.63

  ^aDoes the child stand on one foot for several seconds without the support of a person or object?

26.40%

0.50

  ^aDoes the child dress him/herself (e.g., put on his/her pants and shirt without help)?

0.16%

0.34

 Does the child recognize you or other family members (e.g., smile when they enter a room or move toward them)?

0.00%

1.00

 Does the child point or make sounds when he/she wants something?

0.00%

1.00

 Does the child follow simple directions (e.g., “Stand up or Come here”)?

0.00%

0.99

 Does the child look for an object when it falls on the ground or is taken away?

0.52%

0.99

 Does the child say one or more words (e.g., names like Mama or objects like cup)?

0.04%

0.99

 Does the child answer simple questions (e.g., “Do you want this?”) by saying yes or no, or nodding his/her head?

0.12%

0.97

 Does the child play by pretending objects are something else?

0.08%

0.97

 Does the child pay attention when someone is talking to him/her?

0.12%

0.96

  ^aDoes the child say five or more words (e.g., names like Mama or objects like cup)?

0.00%

0.93

  ^aDoes the child follow complex directions with more than one step (e.g., “Stand up, go outside, and bring me…”)?

0.04%

0.93

  ^aDoes the child turn a spoon or bottle right side up if you give it to him/her upside down?

1.05%

0.90

  ^aDoes the child explore new objects (like clothes or toys) by picking them up or putting them in his/her mouth?

0.28%

0.90

  ^aDoes the child ask for something (e.g., food, water) by name when he/she wants it?

0.04%

0.82

  ^aDoes the child speak using short sentences of two words (e.g., “Mama go” or “Dog eat”)?

0.12%

0.81

  ^aDoes the child say ten or more words (e.g., names like Mama or objects like cup)?

0.12%

0.78

  ^aCan the child correctly say the names of at least two family members (e.g., Mama, name for brother/sister)?

0.04%

0.77

  ^aDoes the child know the names of at least two body parts (e.g., arm, eye, or nose)?

2.58%

0.68

  ^aDoes the child ask questions using the words what, which, where, and who?

0.60%

0.66

  ^aDoes the child sing songs or repeat rhymes from memory?

4.19%

0.66

  ^aDoes the child know any numbers (e.g., one, two, three)?

0.60%

0.63

  ^aaDoes the child speak using longer sentences of more than 3 or 4 words?

0.08%

0.58

  ^aDoes the child correctly use the words I, you, or he?

0.81%

0.57

  ^aDoes the child know the difference between the words “big” and “small”?

3.26%

0.42

  ^aDoes the child get distracted easily? ^b

9.27%

0.35

  ^aDoes the child talk about or explain things that have happened in the past (e.g., what the child did yesterday)?

0.89%

0.25

  ^aWhen asked what common objects (like a cup or a knife) are for, does the child explain correctly?

2.30%

0.24

  ^aDoes the child know the names of any letters (e.g., A, B, C)?

1.13%

0.07

 Does the child smile when others smile at him/her?

0.00%

1.00

 Does the child sit or play quietly on his/her own for at least several minutes?

0.00%

0.99

 Does the child ask you for help when he/she cannot do something on his/her own (e.g., to reach an object up high)?

0.00%

0.98

 Does the child get along well with other children most of the time?

0.04%

0.98

 Does the child share things (e.g., food, toys) with others?

0.04%

0.98

 Does the child show affection toward others (e.g., hugging parents, brothers, or sisters)?

0.08%

0.98

 Does the child wake up frequently at night? ^b

0.12%

0.96

  ^aIs the child frequently sad or upset? ^b

0.00%

0.95

  ^aDoes the child have trouble falling asleep on his/her own? ^b

0.00%

0.94

  ^aDoes the child stop immediately when told “no” or “stop that?”

0.08%

0.92

  ^aIs the child frequently irritable or fussy? ^b

0.24%

0.86

  ^aDoes the child show sympathy or look concerned when others are hurt or sad?

3.59%

0.85

  ^aDoes the child act differently (e.g., shy or afraid) with strangers than he/she does with you and other familiar people?

0.24%

0.85

  ^aIs the child able to focus on one task (e.g., playing with friends, eating meal) for more than a few minutes, ignoring other things around him/her?

0.20%

0.82

  ^aDoes the child follow rules and obey adults?

0.36%

0.82

  ^aDoes the child have trouble sitting still when asked to by an adult (e.g., for two minutes)? ^b

0.20%

0.74

  ^aDoes the child become very upset by loud sounds (e.g., a loud bang, scream)? ^b

0.40%

0.62

  ^aDoes the child demand you to be with him/her constantly? ^b

0.00%

0.62

  ^aIs the child able to do two things at the same time (e.g., play a game and listen to you)?

0.81%

0.61

  ^aDoes the child greet neighbors or other people he/she knows without being told (e.g., by saying hello or gesturing hello)?

0.12%

0.54

  ^aWhen the child is upset, is he/she able to calm down by him/herself?

0.08%

0.53

  ^aDoes the child put objects or toys back where they belong after using them?

0.36%

0.49

  ^aIs the child sometimes impatient or unwilling to wait or hold still when you ask him/her to? ^b

0.16%

0.44

  ^aDoes the child act impulsively or without thinking? ^b

2.46%

0.41

  ^aDoes the child sometimes save things like candy or new toys for the future?

0.32%

0.38

  ^aDoes the ever child kick, bite, or hit other children or adults? ^b

0.08%

0.31

  ^aDoes the child cry or complain when he/she is made to wait for something he/she wants (e.g., toy, food)? ^b

0.08%

0.18

Mean, all items (n = 70)

1.40%

0.76

Mean, final items (n = 44)

1.98%

0.64