Table 6 Multivariable analysis of anemia risk factors using multinomial regression among men

 18–24

1

1

 25–34

1.44(1.01–2.03)

0.04

1.03(0.46–2.31)

0.95

 35–44

1.97(1.38–2.82)

<0.001

1.72(0.78–3.77)

0.18

 45–54

3.38(2.35–4.86)

<0.001

3.58(1.66–7.71)

0.001

 55–64

4.78(3.29–6.95)

<0.001

3.40(1.46–7.91)

0.004

  > 65

7.81(5.62–-10.86)

<0.001

7.95(4.04–15.62)

<0.001

 Never smoker

1

1

 Past

1.03(0.72–1.47)

0.87

1.09(0.51–2.32)

0.82

 Current

1.24(0.94–1.64)

0.12

1.61(0.87–2.94)

0.12

 No

1

1

 Light/irregular

0.92(0.75–1.14)

0.49

0.50(0.30–0.83)

0.008

 Moderate/heavy

0.72(0.50–1.03)

0.07

0.31(0.11–0.89)

0.03

 Rural (Karonga)

1

1

 Urban (Lilongwe)

1.08(0.84–1.38)

0.57

0.92(0.52–1.62)

0.78

 No formal/illiterate

1.03(0.72–1.48)

0.88

1.81(0.94–3.46)

0.08

 Standard

1

1

 Secondary

0.91(0.74–1.13)

0.39

1.06(0.66–1.70)

0.81

 Tertiary

0.64(0.43–0.95)

0.03

1.93(0.91–4.11)

0.09

 Unemployed

1

1

 Farming/Fishing

0.91(0.67–1.23)

0.53

0.98(0.53–1.81)

0.95

 Self-employed

0.80(0.58–1.10)

0.17

0.97(0.51–1.83)

0.91

 Salaried worker

0.82(0.61–1.10)

0.19

0.32(0.14–0.71)

0.005

 1^st (lowest)

1

1

 2^nd

0.65(0.49–0.86)

0.002

1.00(0.56–1.79)

0.99

 3^rd

0.96(0.73–1.27)

0.77

0.95(0.51–1.77)

0.87

 4^th

0.82(0.62–1.10)

0.19

0.74(0.38–1.44)

0.37

 5^th (highest)

0.71(0.50–1.00)

0.05

0.66(0.30–1.46)

0.31

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.87(1.44–2.43)

<0.001

1.46(0.82–2.60)

<0.19

 HIV Negative

1

1

 HIV+ and <5 years on ART

3.59(2.48–5.22)

<0.001

5.16(2.63–10.12)

<0.001

 HIV+ and >5 years on ART

1.36(0.78–2.35)

0.28

1.23(0.37–4.10)

0.73

 HIV+ Not on ART

4.51(3.09–6.58)

<0.001

5.35(2.53–11.28)

<0.001

 Unknown HIV status

1.24(0.97–1.57)

0.09

1.17(0.68.2.02)

<0.57