Skip to main content

Table 2 The number of deaths attributable to selected risk factors in Taiwan, 2009

From: Adult mortality of diseases and injuries attributable to selected metabolic, lifestyle, environmental, and infectious risk factors in Taiwan: a comparative risk assessment

Risk factor

Total

(95% UI)

CVDa

(95% UI)

Cancer

(95% UI)

Diabetes

(95% UI)

Chronic liver disease

(95% UI)

Other NCDs and injuryb

(95% UI)

Overall

ā€ƒHigh blood pressure

11,190

(8,190ā€“14,190)

11,190

(8,190ā€“14,190)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHigh total cholesterol

2,070

(1,300ā€“2,830)

2,070

(1,300ā€“2,830)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHigh blood glucose

14,900

(11,850ā€“17,960)

4,090

(2,120ā€“6,070)

Ā Ā 

10,160

Ā Ā Ā 

650

(410ā€“890)

ā€ƒOverweight/obesity

7,610

(6,040ā€“9,190)

4,050

(3,060ā€“5,050)

120

(60ā€“190)

3,440

(2,700ā€“4,170)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒDietary risks

7,890

(5,970ā€“9,810)

5,950

(4,500ā€“7,410)

1,940

(1,470ā€“2,410)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒTobacco smoking

13,400

(10,330ā€“16,450)

3,390

(1,590ā€“5,170)

7,060

(3,420ā€“10,680)

790

(230ā€“1,340)

970

(490ā€“1,430)

1,190

(420ā€“1,930)

ā€ƒAlcohol use

6,350

(5,730ā€“6,970)

āˆ’60c

(āˆ’250ā€“130)

3,770

(3,550ā€“4,000)

āˆ’150c

(āˆ’190ā€“ā€‰āˆ’ā€‰110)

1,910

(1,680ā€“2,130)

880

(800ā€“960)

ā€ƒBetel nut use

1,780

(1,190ā€“2,360)

Ā Ā 

1,780

(1,190ā€“2,360)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒPhysical inactivity

7,400

(6,670ā€“8,130)

4,560

(3,990ā€“5,120)

1,130

(950ā€“1,300)

1,710

(1,370ā€“2,060)

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒAmbient PM pollution

8,600

(7,370ā€“9,840)

6,290

(5,470ā€“7,110)

1,580

(1,290ā€“1,870)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

730

(610ā€“850)

ā€ƒHepatitis B virus

6,300

(5,610ā€“6,980)

Ā Ā 

4,050

(3,680ā€“4,410)

Ā Ā 

2,250

(1,700ā€“2,800)

Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHepatitis C virus

3,170

(1,860ā€“4,490)

Ā Ā 

2,940

(1,730ā€“4,150)

Ā Ā 

230

(20ā€“450)

Ā Ā 

ā€ƒJoint cardiometabolic risks

12,120

(11,220ā€“13,020)

12,120

(11,220ā€“13,020)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Men

ā€ƒHigh blood pressure

6,280

(4,640ā€“7,920)

6,280

(4,640ā€“7,920)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHigh total cholesterol

1,260

(800ā€“1,720)

1,260

(800ā€“1,720)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHigh blood glucose

7,460

(5,870ā€“9,050)

2,260

(1,160ā€“3,360)

Ā Ā 

4,920

Ā Ā Ā 

280

(170ā€“380)

ā€ƒOverweight/obesity

4,360

(3,480ā€“5,240)

2,540

(1,950ā€“3,130)

50

(20ā€“80)

1,770

(1,400ā€“2,140)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒDietary risks

5,460

(4,150ā€“6,770)

3,950

(3,000ā€“4,910)

1,510

(1,140ā€“1,870)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒTobacco smoking

11,500

(9,260ā€“13,730)

2,720

(1,330ā€“4,110)

5,950

(3,200ā€“8,700)

790

(230ā€“1,340)

960

(490ā€“1,430)

1,080

(470ā€“1,690)

ā€ƒAlcohol use

6,030

(5,560ā€“6,500)

260

(160ā€“370)

3,330

(3,160ā€“3,500)

āˆ’70c

(āˆ’100ā€“Ā āˆ’40)

1,730

(1,560ā€“1,900)

780

(710ā€“840)

ā€ƒBetel nut use

1,780

(1,190ā€“2,360)

Ā Ā 

1,780

(1,190ā€“2,360)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒPhysical inactivity

4,100

(3,720ā€“4,490)

2,800

(2,470ā€“3,120)

450

(390ā€“510)

850

(690ā€“1,020)

Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒAmbient PM pollution

5,550

(3,530ā€“5,740)

3,920

(3,420ā€“4,430)

1,060

(860ā€“1,250)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

570

(470ā€“660)

ā€ƒHepatitis B virus

4,650

(4,150ā€“5,130)

Ā Ā 

2,920

(2,670ā€“3,160)

Ā Ā 

1,730

(1,330ā€“2,130)

Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHepatitis C virus

2,050

(1,150ā€“2,950)

Ā Ā 

1,910

(1,080ā€“2,750)

Ā Ā 

140

(10ā€“270)

Ā 

ā€ƒJoint cardiometabolic risks

6,880

(6,430ā€“7,330)

6,880

(6,430ā€“7,330)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Women

ā€ƒHigh blood pressure

4,910

(3,550ā€“6,270)

4,910

(3,550ā€“6,270)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHigh total cholesterol

810

(500ā€“1,120)

810

(500ā€“1,120)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHigh blood glucose

7,440

(5,980ā€“8,910)

1,830

(960ā€“2,710)

Ā Ā 

5,240

Ā Ā Ā 

370

(240ā€“510)

ā€ƒOverweight/obesity

3,250

(2,560ā€“3,950)

1,520

(1,120ā€“1,920)

70

(40ā€“110)

1,660

(1,300ā€“2,030)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒDietary risks

2,430

(1,820ā€“3,040)

2,000

(1,490ā€“2,500)

430

(330ā€“540)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒTobacco smoking

1,900

(1,070ā€“2,720)

660

(260ā€“1,060)

1,140

(220ā€“1,980)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

100

(āˆ’40ā€“250)

ā€ƒAlcohol use

320

(160ā€“470)

āˆ’320c

(āˆ’410ā€“ā€‰āˆ’ā€‰230)

440

(390ā€“490)

āˆ’80c

(āˆ’90ā€“ā€‰āˆ’ā€‰70)

180

(120ā€“230)

100

(90ā€“110)

ā€ƒBetel nut use

0

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒPhysical inactivity

3,300

(2,950ā€“3,640)

1,760

(1,520ā€“2,000)

680

(560ā€“780)

860

(680ā€“1,040)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒAmbient PM pollution

3,050

(2,610ā€“3,500)

2,370

(2,050ā€“2,680)

520

(420ā€“620)

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

160

(140ā€“190)

ā€ƒHepatitis B virus

1,650

(1,460ā€“1,850)

Ā Ā 

1,130

(1,020ā€“1,250)

Ā Ā 

520

(370ā€“670)

Ā Ā 

ā€ƒHepatitis C virus

1,120

(700ā€“1,540)

Ā Ā 

1,030

(650ā€“1,400)

Ā Ā 

90

(10ā€“180)

Ā 

ā€ƒJoint cardiometabolic risks

5,240

(4,790ā€“5,680)

5,240

(4,790ā€“5,680)

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 
  1. a CVD cardiovascular diseases, b NCD non-communicable disease, other NCDs include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, alcohol abuse; injury: accidental injury and suicide
  2. cModerate alcohol consumption has been shown to reduce the risk of death from some causes, resulting a negative numbers of attributable deaths in our analysis