Health system strategies to increase HIV screening among pregnant women in Mesoamerica

El Bcheraoui, Charbel; Zúñiga-Brenes, Paola; Ríos-Zertuche, Diego; Palmisano, Erin B.; McNellan, Claire R.; Desai, Sima S.; Gagnier, Marielle C.; Haakenstad, Annie; Johanns, Casey; Schaefer, Alexandra; Hernandez, Bernardo; Iriarte, Emma; Mokdad, Ali H.

doi:10.1186/s12963-018-0162-8

Population Health Metrics

Table 3 Offering HIV screening through antenatal care, last pregnancy, Mesoamerican women, 15–49 years old

From: Health system strategies to increase HIV screening among pregnant women in Mesoamerica

		HIV test offered during antenatal care visit
Factor	Categories	N (weighted %); SE	AOR	95% CI
Age group (years)	15–19	708 (44.90); 2.60	REF
	20–29	3194 (43.95); 2.13	1.04	0.82–1.33
	30–39	1914 (43.87); 2.06	1.24	0.95–1.63
	40–49	404 (34.09); 2.63	1.09	0.74–1.59
Educational level	No education	466 (25.73); 2.30	REF
	Primary school or literacy course	2184 (35.45); 2.06	1.23	0.97–1.57
	Secondary school	1607 (53.26); 2.58	2.22	1.67–2.95
	High school	594 (51.91); 2.72	3.51	2.45–5.03
	Technical school or university	328 (72.61); 4.07	2.53	1.69–3.79
Marital status	Never married	939 (71.44); 2.10	REF
	Currently married or in a relationship	4833 (39.72); 1.88	0.65	0.49–0.86
	Separated, divorced, or widowed	414 (44.56); 3.13	.71	0.47–1.08
Household economic level	Lowest monthly expenditure tertile	1371 (32.14); 2.39	REF
	Middle monthly expenditure tertile	3186 (44.96); 2.00	1.47	1.22–1.77
	Highest monthly expenditure tertile	1738 (60.54); 2.15	2.22	1.68–2.94
Has medical insurance	No	5168 (61.19); 1.69	REF
Has medical insurance	Yes	905 (20.02); 1.60	1.21	0.87–1.67
No. of antenatal care visits^a	1–3	549 (29.50); 2.20	REF
No. of antenatal care visits^a	4+	5568 (46.02); 2.00	1.99	1.58–2.50
Attendant of antenatal care visit^b	Other	1283 (22.23); 1.81	REF
Attendant of antenatal care visit^b	Physician or nurse	5001 (50.04); 2.00	1.89	1.50–2.39
Type of health care settings where antenatal care visits were received	Public hospital	813 (54.79); 3.10	REF
	Public health unit	2217 (62.43); 2.62	0.88	0.67–1.15
	Other public health care setting	1386 (31.78); 2.26	0.80	0.62–1.03
	Private hospital	134 (60.16); 5.88	1.11	0.60–2.06
	Other private health care setting	445 (68.46); 2.77	1.60	1.11–2.32
Country	Guatemala	289 (10.03); 1.11	REF
	Honduras	1403 (66.02); 2.03	5.69	3.28–9.87
	Mexico	741 (17.70); 1.53	0.84	0.57–1.25
	Nicaragua	1396 (79.69); 2.08	16.30	11.88–22.36
	Panama	432 (43.37); 3.62	1.95	1.20–3.15
	El Salvador	2034 (84.21); 1.00	17.91	12.76–25.14

AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, REF Reference group, SE Standard Error
^aNumber of ANC visits was categorized into “1–3” and “4+” based on countries’ guidelines for minimum numbers of visits required
^bThe “other” category included auxiliary nurse, laboratory technician, pharmacist, community health worker, and traditional midwives

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