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Table 5 Average annual percentage changes and joinpoint analysis by country and sex by recent available year in females

From: Examining trends in cardiovascular disease mortality across Europe: how does the introduction of a new European Standard Population affect the description of the relative burden of cardiovascular disease?

Country

Average annual percentage change (AAPC)

Joinpoint annual percentage change (APC) and end year for each segment in the best fitting model

Females

 

Segment 1

Segment 2

Segment 3

Segment 4

Segment 5

Country

 Albania

ESP 76

0.1 (− 1.2, 1.4)

1987

− 4.9

1993

2.2^

      

ESP 13

0.2 (−1.1, 1.6)

          

 Armenia

ESP 76

− 0.3 (− 1, 0.3)

1981

2.2^

1993

− 4.4^

2000

12.9^

2003

− 4.3^

  

ESP 13

− 0.1 (− 0.8, 0.5)

1981

2.2^

1993

− 4.6^

2000

15.2^

2003

− 4.3^

  

 Austria

ESP 76

− 1.9^ (− 2.4, − 1.4)

1965

1.4

1983

− 3.2^

      

ESP 13

− 1.4^ (− 1.9, − 0.9)

1965

2.0^

1984

− 3.0^

      

 Azerbaijan

ESP 76

0.4^ (0.1, 0.7)

          

ESP 13

0.5^ (0.1, 0.9)

          

 Belarus

ESP 76

− 0.5 (− 1, 0.1)

1981

3.9

1985

− 3.8

1992

7.1

1996

− 2.1^

  

ESP 13

− 0.7^ (− 1.2, − 0.2)

1981

4.7

1985

− 4.8^

1992

7.2

1996

− 2.2^

  

 Belgium

ESP 76

− 2.5^ (− 2.7, − 2.3)

1965

7.8^

1969

− 2.6^

2004

− 4.3^

    

ESP 13

− 2.3^ (− 2.5, − 2.1)

1965

7.7^

1969

− 2.4^

2004

− 4.3^

    

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

ESP 76

− 0.8 (− 1.7, 0.1)

1985

4.6

1989

− 1.3^

      

ESP 13

− 0.4 (− 1.3, 0.5)

1985

5

1989

− 0.9^

      

 Bulgaria

ESP 76

0.1 (− 0.2, 0.4)

1965

22.6^

1969

0.5^

1998

− 2.1^

    

ESP 13

0.2 (− 0.1, 0.5)

1965

22.6^

1969

0.6^

1998

− 2.0^

    

 Croatia

ESP 76

− 2.0^ (− 2.4, − 1.6)

1985

− 2.0^

1995

5.7

1998

− 4.0^

    

ESP 13

− 1.7^ (− 2.1, − 1.3)

1985

− 1.9^

1995

6

1998

− 3.6^

    

 Cyprus

ESP 76

− 2.9^ (− 4.8, −  0.8)

          

ESP 13

− 2.2^ (− 4.4, 0)

          

 Czech Republic

ESP 76

− 2.8^ (− 2.9, − 2.6)

1986

− 2.3^

2003

− 3.8^

      

ESP 13

− 2.5^ (− 2.7, − 2.3)

1986

− 2.0^

2003

− 3.6^

      

 Denmark

ESP 76

− 2.3^ (− 2.6, − 2.1)

1965

3.2^

1970

− 1.7^

1993

− 3.4^

2003

− 5.6^

  

ESP 13

− 2.2^ (− 2.5, − 2)

1965

3.2^

1970

− 1.6^

1993

− 3.3^

2003

− 5.4^

  

 Estonia

ESP 76

− 2.7^ (− 3, − 2.4)

1981

1.1

1985

− 2.6^

1991

1.1

1994

− 3.8^

  

ESP 13

− 2.5^ (− 2.8, − 2.3)

1981

1.2

1985

− 2.3^

2002

− 3.9^

    

 Finland

ESP 76

− 2.9^ (− 3, − 2.7)

1965

− 3.1

1967

11.6^

1970

− 4.7^

1977

− 2.2^

2013

− 3.5^

ESP 13

− 2.9^ (− 3, − 2.7)

1965

− 3.3

1967

11.5^

1970

− 4.6^

1977

− 2.0^

2013

− 3.3^

 France

ESP 76

− 2.6^ (− 2.8, − 2.3)

1965

14.9^

1969

− 2.3^

1986

− 5.8

1990

− 2.0^

2011

− 4.7^

ESP 13

− 2.4^ (− 2.7, − 2.1)

1965

15.0^

1969

− 2.0^

1986

− 5.8

1990

− 1.9^

2011

− 4.8^

 Georgia

ESP 76

− 2.2^ (− 3, − 1.5)

1981

− 0.5

2004

− 7.9^

      

ESP 13

− 2.2^ (− 3, − 1.4)

1981

− 0.6

2004

− 7.8^

      

 Germany

ESP 76

− 3.0^ (− 3.2, − 2.9)

1990

− 3.0^

2000

− 0.7

2003

− 5.3^

2006

−  3.7^

2013

− 0.4

ESP 13

− 2.8^ (− 3, − 2.6)

1990

− 2.8^

2000

− 0.1

2003

− 5.3^

2006

− 3.5^

2013

− 0.3

 Greece

ESP 76

− 0.5^ (− 0.9, − 0.2)

1965

26.7^

1968

1.0^

1987

− 0.9^

2004

− 5.4^

  

ESP 13

− 0.2 (− 0.6, 0.1)

1965

26.1^

1968

1.4^

1986

− 0.5^

2004

− 5.5^

  

 Hungary

ESP 76

− 1.2^ (− 1.4, − 0.9)

1965

9.3^

1970

− 0.7^

1993

− 2.5^

    

ESP 13

− 1.1^ (− 1.3, − 0.9)

1965

9.1^

1970

− 0.8^

1996

− 2.4^

    

 Iceland

ESP 76

− 2.7^ (− 3, − 2.4)

1965

10.4^

1969

− 1.1

1978

− 3.0^

1998

− 5.0^

  

ESP 13

− 2.5^ (− 2.8, − 2.2)

1965

14.0^

1968

0

1976

− 2.7^

1998

− 4.7^

  

 Ireland

ESP 76

− 2.7^ (− 3, − 2.4)

1965

10.4^

1969

− 1.1

1978

− 3.0^

1998

− 5.0^

  

ESP 13

− 2.5^ (− 2.8, − 2.2)

1965

14.0^

1968

0

1976

− 2.7^

1998

− 4.7^

  

 Israel

ESP 76

− 4.5^ (− 4.7, − 4.2)

1975

− 3.2^

1999

− 13.6

2013

− 5.2

    

ESP 13

− 4.2^ (− 4.4, − 3.9)

1975

− 2.9^

1995

− 8.0^

1999

− 4.4^

    

 Italy

ESP 76

− 2.7^ (− 2.9, − 2.5)

1965

12.7^

1968

− 0.8

1976

− 3.1^

    

ESP 13

− 2.4^ (− 2.7, − 2.2)

1965

12.4^

1968

− 0.4

1976

− 2.9^

    

 Kazakhstan

ESP 76

0.2 (− 0.6, 1.1)

1981

0.4

1991

7.7

1994

0.3

2007

− 11.3^

2012

− 25.3^

ESP 13

0.1 (− 0.8, 1)

1981

0.7

1991

6.3

1994

0.5

2007

− 11.9^

2012

− 29.7^

 Kyrgyzstan

ESP 76

1.0^ (0.7, 1.2)

1981

0.1

1992

6.5

1995

− 4

1998

4.8

2013

− 0.5

ESP 13

1.2^ (0.9, 1.4)

          

 Latvia

ESP 76

− 1.6^ (− 1.9, − 1.4)

1980

− 1.2^

2003

− 3.7^

      

ESP 13

− 1.7^ (− 1.9, − 1.5)

1980

− 1.3^

2003

− 3.5^

      

 Lithuania

ESP 76

− 1.2^ (− 1.4, − 1)

1981

− 0.2

1995

− 1.8^

      

ESP 13

− 1.1 (− 1.3, − 0.9)

1981

1.6

1985

− 0.9^

2006

− 3.2^

    

 Luxembourg

ESP 76

− 2.7^ (− 3, − 2.3)

1965

7.4^

1971

− 1.2^

1984

− 4.4^

2000

3.2

2013

− 5.6^

ESP 13

− 2.4^ (− 2.8, − 2.1)

1965

18.4^

1968

0

1983

− 4.3^

2000

3.4

2013

− 5.3^

 Malta

ESP 76

− 3.4^ (− 3.9, − 2.8)

1965

5.3^

1981

− 21.9^

1984

− 3.7^

    

ESP 13

− 3.2^ (− 3.8, − 2.6)

1965

6.0^

1981

− 23.6^

1984

− 3.4^

    

 Montenegro

ESP 76

− 0.5 (− 1.9, 0.9)

          

ESP 13

− 0.2 (− 1.6, 1.2)

          

 Netherlands

ESP 76

− 2.3^ (− 2.5, − 2)

1965

− 5.6

1967

16.6^

1970

− 3.1^

1980

− 1.9^

2013

− 4.1^

ESP 13

− 2.2^ (− 2.4, − 1.9)

1965

− 5.8

1967

16.6^

1970

− 3.1^

1980

− 1.9^

2013

− 3.9^

 Norway

ESP 76

− 2.2^ (− 2.5, − 1.9)

1965

11.5^

1970

− 2.0^

1999

− 4.5^

    

ESP 13

− 2.0^ (− 2.3, − 1.7)

1965

− 1

1967

16.7^

1970

− 1.9^

1999

− 4.2^

  

 Poland

ESP 76

− 1.1^ (− 1.4, − 0.7)

1965

4.9^

1970

0.9^

1991

− 3.2^

    

ESP 13

− 0.9^ (− 1.2, − 0.5)

1965

5.2^

1970

1.0^

1991

− 2.9^

    

 Portugal

ESP 76

− 2.3^ (− 2.9, − 1.7)

1965

0.1

1969

33.6^

1972

− 2.2^

1996

− 4.9^

  

ESP 13

− 2.0^ (− 2.6, − 1.4)

1965

0.5

1969

34.1^

1972

− 1.7^

1995

− 4.6^

  

 Republic of Moldova

ESP 76

− 0.1 (− 0.7, 0.5)

1981

1

1985

− 6.4^

1992

9.9^

1996

1

2013

− 3.2^

ESP 13

− 0.1 (− 0.7, 0.5)

1981

1.6

1985

− 7.6^

1992

10.8^

1996

1.6

2013

− 3.1^

 Romania

ESP 76

− 0.9^ (− 1.1, − 0.6)

1969

0.7^

1985

− 1.0^

2003

− 3.7^

    

ESP 13

− 0.8^ (− 1, − 0.5)

1969

1.1^

1984

− 1.0^

2003

− 3.3^

    

 Russian Federation

ESP 76

− 0.2 (− 0.5, 0.1)

1980

− 1.0^

1991

5.8

1994

− 4.1

1997

2.4^

2011

− 4.0^

ESP 13

− 0.3^ (− 0.6, 0)

1980

− 0.5

1991

0.6^

2005

− 4.6^

    

 San Marino

ESP 76

0.9 (− 19.6,26.7)

          

ESP 13

0.9 (− 19.6, 26.7)

          

 Serbia

ESP 76

− 2.7^ (− 3, − 2.5)

          

ESP 13

− 2.5^ (− 2.7, − 2.2)

          

 Slovakia

ESP 76

− 2.7^ (− 3, − 2.5)

          

ESP 13

− 2.5^ (− 2.7, − 2.2)

          

 Slovenia

ESP 76

− 3.4^ (− 3.6, − 3.2)

          

ESP 13

− 3.2^ (− 3.4, − 2.9)

          

 Spain

ESP 76

− 3.0^ (− 3.3, −  2.7)

1965

24.2^

1969

− 2.7^

1990

− 3.9^

    

ESP 13

− 2.7^ (− 3.1, − 2.4)

1965

24.7^

1969

− 2.3^

1990

− 3.8^

    

 Sweden

ESP 76

− 2.2^ (− 2.4, − 2)

1965

5.3^

1970

− 1.7^

1985

− 2.8^

    

ESP 13

− 2.1^ (− 2.2, − 1.9)

1965

5.3^

1970

− 1.6^

1985

− 2.6^

    

 Switzerland

ESP 76

− 2.7^ (− 2.9, − 2.5)

1965

− 4.1

1967

10.6^

1970

− 3.0^

    

ESP 13

− 2.5^ (− 2.7, − 2.3)

1965

− 3.7

1967

11.0^

1970

− 2.8^

    

 Tajikistan

ESP 76

− 2.7^ (− 2.9, − 2.5)

1965

− 4.1

1967

10.6^

1970

− 3.0^

    

ESP 13

− 2.5^ (− 2.7, − 2.3)

1965

− 3.7

1967

11.0^

1970

− 2.8^

    

 TFYR Macedonia

ESP 76

− 2.7^ (− 2.9, − 2.5)

1965

− 4.1

1967

10.6^

1970

− 3.0^

    

ESP 13

− 2.5^ (− 2.7, − 2.3)

1965

− 3.7

1967

11.0^

1970

− 2.8^

    

 Turkey

ESP 76

0.1 (− 4.8, 5.2)

          

ESP 13

0.5 (− 4.6, 6)

          

 Turkmenistan

ESP 76

1.7 (− 0.2, 3.7)

1981

0.5

1989

15.3

1992

− 6.1^

    

ESP 13

1.8 (− 0.3, 3.8)

1981

0.5

1989

15.9

1992

− 6.4^

    

 The UK

ESP 76

– 2.7^ (− 3, − 2.4)

1965

13.2^

1969

− 2.6^

2001

− 5.5^

    

ESP 13

– 2.5^ (− 2.8, − 2.3)

1965

13.1^

1969

− 2.5^

2002

− 5.4^

    

 Ukraine

ESP 76

0.1 (− 0.2, 0.4)

1981

1.6

1985

− 4.3^

1991

8.1

1994

0.4

2012

− 2.7^

ESP 13

0.1 (− 0.2, 0.4)

1981

− 0.4

1988

− 8.1

1991

9.1^

1994

0.5

2012

− 2.4^

 Uzbekistan

ESP 76

1.5^

(0.9, 2)

1981

0.5

1990

7.4^

1994

− 0.7^

   

ESP 13

1.4^

(0.9, 2)

1981

0.6

1990

7.5^

1994

− 0.9^

   
  1. AAPC refers to the average annual percentage change over the entire period of available data, APC refers to annual percentage change over each identified joinpoint segment
  2. ^Values are significantly different to zero