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Table 1 Correlation between rates of violence by firearms and proxy indexes for carrying weapons, controlled by year, of the Brazilian federation units, 2005-2016

From: Association between firearms and mortality in Brazil, 1990 to 2017: a global burden of disease Brazil study

  Unintentional firearm deaths Suicide Firearm suicide Homicide Firearm homicide Firearm-related death Firearm death for vulnerable subgroup (female, elderly, child)
Correlation (p value)
SDI −0.316 (0.001) 0.249 (0.013) 0.329 (0.001) −0.327 (0.001) −0.267 (0.008) −0.266 (0.008) −0.018 (0.741)*
Voluntary return of firearms −0.364 (< 0.001) 0.115 (0.257)* 0.269 (0.007) −0.199 (0.049) −0.064 (0.526)* 0.064 (0.526)* 0.122 (0.229)*
Illegal carrying of firearms −0.146 (0.149)* 0.109 (0.284)* 0.230 (0.022) −0.005 (0.957)* 0.019 (0.852)* 0.025 (0.807)* 0.220 (0.028)
Possession and use of narcotics −0.247 (0.014) 0.174 (0.085)* 0..370 (< 0.001) −0.319 (0.001) −0.254 (0.011) −0.250 (0.013) 0.015 (0.882)*
Narcotics trafficking −0.262 (0.009) 0.182 (0.071)* 0.282 (0.005) −0.308 (0.002) −0.230 (0.022) −0.229 (0.023) 0.082 (0.420)*
Composite indexa 0.204 (0.035) 0.023 (0.817)* −0.126 (0.195)* −0.016 (0.872)* −0.058 (0.555)* −0.058 (0.525)* −0.269 (0.005)
SDI low 0.471 (< 0.001) −0.309 (< 0.001) 0.001 (0.964)* −0.317 (< 0.001) −0.391 (< 0.001) −0.366 (< 0.001) 0.070 (0.206)*
SDI middle high −0.214 (< 0.001) 0.231 (< 0.001) 0.039 (0.214)* 0.222 (< 0.001) 0.233 (< 0.001) 0.221 (< 0.001) −0.036 (0.524)*
SDI high −0.379 (< 0.001) 0.089 (0.004) −0.053 (0.090)* 0.084 (0.007) 0.185 (< 0.001) 0.166 (< 0.001) −0.083 (0.135)*
  1. *Not significant (p > 0.05)
  2. a[= 1/(voluntary return of firearms+illegal carrying of firearms)]
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