Stillbirth maternity care measurement and associated factors in population-based surveys: EN-INDEPTH study

Di Stefano, Lydia; Bottecchia, Matteo; Yargawa, Judith; Akuze, Joseph; Haider, M. Moinuddin; Galiwango, Edward; Dzabeng, Francis; Fisker, Ane B.; Geremew, Bisrat Misganaw; Cousens, Simon; Lawn, Joy E.; Blencowe, Hannah; Waiswa, Peter

doi:10.1186/s12963-020-00240-1

Population Health Metrics

Table 3 Maternity care characteristics by late gestation stillbirth rates (FBH+ only, n = 14,991)

From: Stillbirth maternity care measurement and associated factors in population-based surveys: EN-INDEPTH study

	No. of births (% of total births^a)		No. of stillbirths	Stillbirth rate per 1000 total births
	n	%	n	n (95%CI)
Overall	14,991	100	227	15.2 (14.0–16.5)
Number of ANC visits
0	1073	7.2	21	19.8 (15.0–26.1)
1	709	4.7	15	20.9 (15.0–29.0)
2	1110	7.3	21	18.6 (14.1–24.5)
3	2119	14.1	36	16.8 (13.7–20.7)
4 or more	8867	59.2	113	12.8 (11.3–14.4)
Not known	1117	7.5	20	18.0 (13.6–23.9)
Timing of 1st ANC visit
First trimester	2140	15.4	35	16.3 (13.2–20.1)
Second trimester	10,405	74.8	150	14.4 (13.0–15.9)
Third trimester	1099	7.9	16	14.2 (10.3–19.4)
Not known	272	2.0	4	15.4 (8.0–29.4)
Place of ANC
Government facility only	7920	56.9	113	14.2 (12.6–16.0)
Private facility only	3686	26.5	58	15.7 (13.3–18.4)
Government and private	583	4.2	11	19.5 (13.2–28.7)
Other only	1726	12.4	22	13.0 (10.0–16.8)
Birth attendant^b
Skilled provider	9671	64.5	158	16.3 (14.8–18.1)
Unskilled provider	4953	33.1	60	12.1 (10.3–14.2)
None	361	2.4	8	21.1 (13.4–32.9)
Place of birth
A home	4718	31.5	60	12.8 (10.9–15.0)
Government hospital	3032	20.2	86	28.3 (24.6–32.5)
Government health centre	2544	17.0	19	7.3 (5.5–9.7)
Private sector	3011	20.1	41	13.5 (11.1–16.4)
Other	1678	11.2	20	12.0 (9.0–15.9)
Mode of delivery
Elective caesarean section	1283	8.6	9	7.4 (4.9–11.1)
Emergency caesarean section	1214	8.1	24	20.0 (15.5–25.7)
Vaginal birth	12,487	83.3	192	15.4 (14.0–16.8)
Length of stay at facility^c
0 to < 6 h	1203	13.3	19	16.1 (12.1–21.4)
6 to < 12 h	1284	14.2	12	9.2 (6.4–13.1)
12 to < 24 h	857	9.5	8	9.7 (6.4–14.8)
1–2 days	2658	29.5	46	17.3 (14.3–20.9)
3 or more days	3015	33.4	60	20.0 (17.0–23.6)
Postnatal check
Yes	7999	87.7	125	15.6 (13.9–17.5)
No	1122	12.3	23	20.6 (15.9–26.8)

^aWeighted number
^bIn view of potential difficulty of women knowing the skill of her provider, ‘skilled and unskilled’ healthcare provider groups are merged
^cFacility births only

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