Table 1 OLS regression of base and full model wealth index quintiles with log of household expenditures and education level (beta coefficients reported), logistic regression of base and full model wealth index quintiles with diabetes and frailty prevalence (odds ratios reported), lower (LCI) and upper (UCI) 95% confidence intervals, chi², and p values for Wald tests comparing coefficients derived from base and full models. All analyses are reported for both PCA-derived and polychoric PCA-derived wealth indices

PCA wealth index

 Expenditures

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

0.61**

0.47

0.75

0.64**

0.51

0.78

0.43

0.51

3

0.87**

0.74

1.00

0.85**

0.72

0.98

0.16

0.69

4

1.06**

0.93

1.19

1.12**

1.00

1.25

1.70

0.19

5

1.26**

1.13

1.40

1.55**

1.42

1.68

43.57**

0.00

 Education

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

0.13**

0.04

0.21

0.04

-0.02

0.10

4.98*

0.03

3

0.26**

0.15

0.37

0.08*

0.01

0.15

11.38**

0.00

4

0.17**

0.08

0.26

0.14**

0.06

0.23

0.26

0.61

5

0.11*

0.02

0.19

0.57**

0.44

0.70

68.76**

0.00

 Diabetes

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1.37

0.81

2.31

1.78*

1.05

3.01

1.91

0.17

3

1.53

0.92

2.54

1.26

0.72

2.20

1.00

0.32

4

1.52

0.91

2.54

1.30

0.75

2.27

0.56

0.45

5

1.97**

1.21

3.21

3.15**

1.93

5.13

10.54**

0.00

 Frailty

1

2.44**

1.61

3.69

2.30**

1.53

3.47

0.23

0.63

2

1.21

0.76

1.92

0.90

0.56

1.46

2.90

0.09

3

0.65

0.38

1.10

0.99

0.62

1.58

2.92

0.09

4

0.93

0.57

1.51

0.66

0.39

1.11

1.49

0.22

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Polychoric PCA wealth index

 Expenditure

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

0.65**

0.52

0.78

0.66**

0.53

0.80

0.09

0.77

3

0.98**

0.85

1.11

0.92**

0.79

1.05

2.67

0.10

4

1.13**

1.00

1.27

1.21**

1.08

1.33

3.47

0.06

5

1.66**

1.53

1.79

1.64**

1.51

1.78

0.21

0.65

 Education

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

0.04

− 0.06

0.15

0.04

− 0.07

0.14

0.14

0.71

3

0.08

− 0.02

0.19

0.06

− 0.05

0.16

2.20

0.14

4

0.09

− 0.02

0.19

0.10

− 0.01

0.20

0.19

0.67

5

0.79**

0.69

0.89

0.79

0.69**

0.89

0.00

0.99

 Diabetes

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

1.30

0.75

2.25

1.03

0.59

1.79

0.88

0.35

3

1.20

0.69

2.09

1.23

0.72

2.09

0.02

0.89

4

1.52

0.90

2.59

1.27

0.75

2.15

1.15

0.28

5

3.16**

1.96

5.11

3.01**

1.89

4.79

0.14

0.71

 Frailty

1

1.77**

1.17

2.68

1.70*

1.12

2.57

0.41

0.52

2

1.25

0.81

1.94

1.21

0.78

1.87

0.15

0.70

3

0.65

0.39

1.08

0.68

0.42

1.12

0.09

0.76

4

0.79

0.49

1.28

0.71

0.44

1.16

0.71

0.40

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-