Table 1 Characteristics of included evaluations

Total evaluations

318

66

384

Year published

 2010–2014

247

77.7%

5

7.6%

252

65.6%

 2015–2018

71

22.3%

61

92.4%

132

34.4%

Base-year in model

 2000–04

207

65.1%

0

0%

207

53.9%

 2005–09

40

12.6%

0

0%

40

10.4%

 2010–15

71

22.3%

66

100%

137

35.7%

Perspective

 Health sector/Health system

143

45.0%

64

97.0%

207

53.9%

 Government

4

1.3%

0

0%

4

1.0%

 Multiple (Health sector, Government, Patient, Societal)

26

8.2%

0

0%

26

6.8%

 Societal (or limited societal)

30

9.4%

0

0%

30

7.8%

 Not specified^

115

36.4%

2

3.0%

117

30.5%

Time horizon

 10y to < lifetime

13

4.1%

0

0%

13

3.4%

 Lifetime

95

95.9%

66

100%

371

96.6%

Discount rate (annual)

 3%

318

100%

66

100%

384

100%

 Other

0

0%

0

0%

0

0%

Degree of targeting

 Population-wide

112

35.2%

48

72.7%

160

41.7%

 Partially targeted

180

56.6%

14

21.2%

194

50.5%

 Targeted

26

8.2%

4

6.1%

30

7.8%

Intervention duration

 One-off or up to 1 year

64

20.1%

16

24.2%

80

20.8%

 1–5 years

9

2.8%

1

1.5%

10

2.6%

 6–20 years

20

6.3%

1

1.5%

21

5.5%

 Persistent

172

54.3%

48

72.7%

220

57.3%

 Not specified

53

16.7%

0

0%

53

13.8%

Type of intervention

 Prevention

298

93.7%

57

86.4%

355

92.4%

 Treatment

20

6.3%

4

6.1%

24

6.3%

 Missing

0

0%

5

7.6%

5

1.3%

Type of comparator⁺

 Current practice (Business-as-usual)

137

43.1%

30

45.5%

167

43.5%

 Do nothing

111

34.9%

32

48.5%

143

37.2%

 Other

2

0.6%

3

4.5%

5

1.3%

 Not specified

68

21.4%

1

1.5%

69

18.0%

Domain

 Cancer

27

8.5%

8

12.1%

35

9.1%

 Alcohol

16

5.0%

0

0%

16

4.2%

 Cannabis or other illicit drugs

5

1.6%

0

0%

5

1.6%

 Communicable disease

7

2.2%

5

7.6%

12

3.1%

 Cardiovascular disease

94

29.6%

1

1.5%

95

24.7%

 Diabetes

13

4.1%

0

0%

13

3.4%

 Diet

43

13.5%

0

0%

43

11.2%

 Injury

1

0.3%

5

7.6%

6

1.6%

 Mental illness

8

2.5%

0

0%

8

2.1%

 Other NCD

26

8.2%

0

0%

26

6.8%

 Overweight & obesity

45

14.2%

1

1.5%

46

12.0%

 Physical activity

16

5.0%

0

0%

16

4.2%

 Salt (dietary)

3

0.9%

32

48.5%

35

9.1%

 Tobacco

14

4.4%

14

21.2%

28

7.3%

Health gain

HALYs per 1000 total population

  < 0.10

122

28.4%

8

12.1%

130

33.9%

 0.10–1

86

27.0%

2

3.0%

88

22.9%

 1–10

77

24.2%

30

45.5%

107

27.9%

  > 10

28

8.8%

22

33.3%

50

13.0%

 Missing^†

5

1.6%

4

6.1%

9

2.3%

HALYs per person in target population

  < 01

28

8.8%

23

34.9%

51

13.3%

 01–099

0

0%

20

30.3%

20

5.2%

 0.1–0.99

1

0.3%

3

4.5%

4

1.0%

 Missing^†

289

90.9%

20

30.3%

309

80.5%

Incremental health expenditure

Net cost* per 1000 total population

  < US$0 [Cost saving]

103

32.4%

46

69.7%

149

38.8%

 US$0 to $10,000

99

31.2%

9

13.6%

108

28.1%

 Cost > US$10,000

67

21.1%

8

12.1%

75

19.5%

 Missing^†

49

15.4%

3

4.6%

52

13.5%

Net cost* per target population

  < US$0 [Cost saving]

1

0.3%

32

48.5%

33

8.6%

 US$0 to $1000

24

7.6%

10

15.2%

34

8.9%

 Cost > US$1000

4

1.3%

2

3.0%

6

1.6%

 Missing^†

289

90.9%

22

33.3%

311

81.0%

COST per HALY or Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio

 Cost saving

97

30.5%

47

71.2%

144

37.5%

 US$0 to $50,000 per HALY

127

39.9%

17

25.8%

144

37.5%

  > US$50,000 per HALY

82

25.8%

1

1.5%

83

21.6%

 Dominated

3

0.9%

0

0%

3

0.8%

 Missing^†

9

2.8%

1

1.5%

10

2.6%