Table 2 Adjusted indirect annual costs ratios and mean incremental annual cost in function of musculoskeletal disorders (multivariable regression, Belgian adult population, from 2013 to 2017; N = 2523)
From: The health and economic burden of musculoskeletal disorders in Belgium from 2013 to 2018
Cost ratio (95% CI) | Mean attributable cost (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
MSK disorder (Ref: No) | ||
Low back pain | 2.63** (1.29; 5.35) | 6002€ (900€; 10,893€) |
Neck pain | 0.96 (0.41; 2.24) | − 340€ (− 8694€; 7035€) |
Osteoarthritis | 1.43 (0.88; 2.32) | 869€ (− 281€; 2287€) |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.33 (0.70; 2.53) | 962€ (− 687€; 3347€) |
Sex | ||
Male | Ref | |
Female | 1.81*** (1.30; 2.51) | |
Age | 1.00 (0.98; 1.01) | |
At risk due to a lack of leisure time physical activity | ||
No | Ref | |
Yes | 1.14 (0.75; 1.75) | |
Heavy daily smokers | ||
No | Ref | |
Yes | 1.35 (0.82; 2.21) | |
BMI status | ||
Underweight | 1.25 (0.48; 3.29) | |
Normal weight | Ref | |
Overweight | 1.20 (0.87; 1.66) | |
Obese | 1.71 (0.88; 3.33) | |