Smoking, smoking cessation, and 7-year mortality in a cohort of Thai adults

Table 4 Smoking (2005–09) and subsequent outcomes (2009–12) for males in the Thai Cohort Study: survival and mortality

Longitudinal smoking status (2005–09)	2012 % Survival by smoking status		Hazard ratios (95 % CI) for mortality from 2009 to 2012 by smoking status
	Survived	Died
	(n = 22,026)	(n = 161)
Never smoke	99.5	0.5	Reference
Quit smoking from 2005	99.1	0.9	1.4 [0.9–2.2]
Current smoking in 2005 and quit in 2009	99.1	0.9	1.5 [0.7–3.3]
Current smoking in 2005 and in 2009	98.9	1.1	2.1 [1.4–3.4]

Hazard ratios compare mortality over the follow-up period by longitudinal smoking status over the previous period (reference category ‘never smokers’ in both 2005 and 2009). The model includes age category (five groups), monthly household income (2009), urban or rural residence in 2009, health insurance coverage (2005), alcohol drinking (2009), physical activities (2009), body mass index (2009), and self-reported health (2009)

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