Life expectancy inequalities in the elderly by socioeconomic status: evidence from Italy

Life expectancy considerably increased in most developed countries during the twentieth century. However, the increase in longevity is neither uniform nor random across individuals belonging to various socioec...

Authors: Carlo Lallo and Michele Raitano

The relevance of spatial aggregation level and of applied methods in the analysis of geographical distribution of cancer mortality in mainland Portugal (2009–2013)

Knowledge regarding the geographical distribution of diseases is essential in public health in order to define strategies to improve the health of populations and quality of life.

Authors: Rita Roquette, Baltazar Nunes and Marco Painho

Health system strategies to increase HIV screening among pregnant women in Mesoamerica

To propose health system strategies to meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations on HIV screening through antenatal care (ANC) services, we assessed predictors of HIV screening, and simulated...

Authors: Charbel El Bcheraoui, Paola Zúñiga-Brenes, Diego Ríos-Zertuche, Erin B. Palmisano, Claire R. McNellan, Sima S. Desai, Marielle C. Gagnier, Annie Haakenstad, Casey Johanns, Alexandra Schaefer, Bernardo Hernandez, Emma Iriarte and Ali H. Mokdad

Epidemiological trends of sepsis in the twenty-first century (2000–2013): an analysis of incidence, mortality, and associated costs in Spain

Sepsis has represented a substantial health care and economic burden worldwide during the previous several decades. Our aim was to analyze the epidemiological trends of hospital admissions, deaths, hospital re...

Authors: Alejandro Álvaro-Meca, María A. Jiménez-Sousa, Dariela Micheloud, Ainhoa Sánchez-Lopez, María Heredia-Rodríguez, Eduardo Tamayo and Salvador Resino

Collecting verbal autopsies: improving and streamlining data collection processes using electronic tablets

There is increasing interest in using verbal autopsy to produce nationally representative population-level estimates of causes of death. However, the burden of processing a large quantity of surveys collected ...

Authors: Abraham D. Flaxman, Andrea Stewart, Jonathan C. Joseph, Nurul Alam, Sayed Saidul Alam, Hafizur Chowdhury, Meghan D. Mooney, Rasika Rampatige, Hazel Remolador, Diozele Sanvictores, Peter T. Serina, Peter Kim Streatfield, Veronica Tallo, Christopher J. L. Murray, Bernardo Hernandez, Alan D. Lopez…

Alcohol-impaired driving in US counties, 2002–2012

Excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-impaired driving remain significant public health problems, leading to considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly among younger populations.

Authors: Jacob E. Sunshine, Laura Dwyer-Lindgren, Alan Chen, Sam R. Sharar, Erin B. Palmisano, Eileen M. Bulger and Ali H. Mokdad

Calculating census tract-based life expectancy in New York state: a generalizable approach

Life expectancy at birth (LE) has been calculated for states and counties. LE estimates at these levels mask health disparities in local communities. There are no nationwide estimates at the sub-county level. ...

Authors: Thomas O. Talbot, Douglas H. Done and Gwen D. Babcock

Multivariable regression analysis of list experiment data on abortion: results from a large, randomly-selected population based study in Liberia

The list experiment is a promising measurement tool for eliciting truthful responses to stigmatized or sensitive health behaviors. However, investigators may be hesitant to adopt the method due to previously u...

Authors: Heidi Moseson, Caitlin Gerdts, Christine Dehlendorf, Robert A. Hiatt and Eric Vittinghoff

Cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in Brazil and states during 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015

Reliable data on cause of death (COD) are fundamental for planning and resource allocation priorities. We used GBD 2015 estimates to examine levels and trends for the leading causes of death in Brazil from 199...

Authors: Elisabeth B. França, Valéria Maria de Azeredo Passos, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Bruce B. Duncan, Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro, Mark D. C. Guimarães, Daisy M.X. Abreu, Ana Maria N. Vasconcelos, Mariângela Carneiro, Renato Teixeira, Paulo Camargos, Ana Paula S. Melo, Bernardo L. Queiroz, Maria Inês Schmidt, Lenice Ishitani, Roberto Marini Ladeira…

The contribution of area-level walkability to geographic variation in physical activity: a spatial analysis of 95,837 participants from the 45 and Up Study living in Sydney, Australia

Individual-level studies support a positive relation between walkable built environments and participation in moderate-intensity walking. However, the utility of this evidence for population-level planning is ...

Authors: Darren J. Mayne, Geoffrey G. Morgan, Bin B. Jalaludin and Adrian E. Bauman

The effects of economic development and built environment on diabetes in China

With rapid economy growth, the prevalence of obesity, and related chronic diseases, has increased greatly. Although this has been widely recognized, little attention has been paid to the influence of built env...

Authors: Tao Zhang

Impact of HPV vaccination: health gains in the Italian female population

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer and other malignant and benign neoplastic lesions. HPV vaccination has three potential goals: to prevent transmission, infection, and disease....

Authors: Andrea Marcellusi

The incomparability of cause of death statistics under “one country, two systems”: Shanghai versus Hong Kong

Valid and comparable cause of death (COD) statistics are crucial for health policy analyses. Variations in COD assignment across geographical areas are well-documented while socio-institutional factors may aff...

Authors: Jiaying Zhao, Edward Jow-Ching Tu and Chi-kin Law

Myanmar mortality registration: an assessment for system improvement

The vital registration system in Myanmar has a long history and geographical coverage is currently high. However, a recent assessment of vital registration systems of 148 countries showed poor performance of t...

Authors: Myitzu Tin Oung, Kerry Richter, Pramote Prasartkul and Viroj Tangcharoensathien

Estimating the contribution of mortality selection to the East–West German mortality convergence

Before German reunification, old-age mortality was considerably higher in East Germany than West Germany but converged quickly afterward. Previous studies attributed this rapid catch-up to improved living cond...

Authors: Tobias C. Vogt and Trifon I. Missov

Increases in United States life expectancy through reductions in injury-related death

During the previous century the average lifespan in the United States (US) increased by over 30 years, with much of this increase attributed to public health initiatives. This report examines further gains tha...

Authors: Scott R. Kegler, Grant T. Baldwin, Rose A. Rudd and Michael F. Ballesteros

Erratum to: on the plausibility of socioeconomic mortality estimates derived from linked data: a demographic approach

Authors: Mathias Lerch, Adrian Spoerri, Domantas Jasilionis and Francisco Viciana Fernandèz

Erratum to: Evolution of the “fourth stage” of epidemiologic transition in people aged 80 years and over: population-based cohort study using electronic health records

Authors: Nisha C. Hazra and Martin Gulliford

National mortality burden due to communicable, non-communicable, and other diseases in Ethiopia, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Ethiopia lacks a complete vital registration system that would assist in measuring disease burden and risk factors. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) estim...

Authors: Awoke Misganaw, Tilahun N. Haregu, Kebede Deribe, Gizachew Assefa Tessema, Amare Deribew, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Azmeraw T. Amare, Semaw Ferede Abera, Molla Gedefaw, Muluken Dessalegn, Yihunie Lakew, Tolesa Bekele, Mesoud Mohammed, Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw, Solomon Abrha Damtew, Kristopher J. Krohn…

National disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 257 diseases and injuries in Ethiopia, 1990–2015: findings from the global burden of disease study 2015

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) provide a summary measure of health and can be a critical input to guide health systems, investments, and priority-setting in Ethiopia. We aimed to determine the leading ...

Authors: Awoke Misganaw, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Gizachew Assefa Tessema, Amare Deribew, Kebede Deribe, Semaw Ferede Abera, Muluken Dessalegn, Yihunie Lakew, Tolesa Bekele, Tilahun N. Haregu, Azmeraw T. Amare, Molla Gedefaw, Mesoud Mohammed, Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw, Solomon Abrha Damtew, Tom Achoki…

Tuberculosis and HIV are the leading causes of adult death in northwest Ethiopia: evidence from verbal autopsy data of Dabat health and demographic surveillance system, 2007–2013

Reliable data on causes of death form the basis for building evidence on health policy, planning, monitoring, and evaluation. In Ethiopia, the majority of deaths occur at home and civil registration systems ar...

Authors: Yigzaw Kebede, Gashaw Andargie, Abebaw Gebeyehu, Tadesse Awoke, Mezgebu Yitayal, Solomon Mekonnen, Mamo Wubshet, Temesgen Azmeraw, Yihunie Lakew and Kassahun Alemu

On the plausibility of socioeconomic mortality estimates derived from linked data: a demographic approach

Reliable estimates of mortality according to socioeconomic status play a crucial role in informing the policy debate about social inequality, social cohesion, and exclusion as well as about the reform of pensi...

Authors: Mathias Lerch, Adrian Spoerri, Domantas Jasilionis and Francisco Viciana Fernandèz

Mortality trends in Australian Aboriginal peoples and New Zealand Māori

The health status of Indigenous populations of Australia and New Zealand (NZ) Māori manifests as life expectancies substantially lower than the total population. Accurate assessment of time trends in mortality...

Authors: Bronwen Phillips, John Daniels, Alistair Woodward, Tony Blakely, Richard Taylor and Stephen Morrell

Choice of relative or cause-specific approach to cancer survival analysis impacts estimates differentially by cancer type, population, and application: evidence from a Canadian population-based cohort study

Cause-specific (CS) and net survival in a relative survival framework (RS) are two of the most common methods for estimating cancer survival. In this paper, we assess the differences in results produced by two...

Authors: Diana R. Withrow, Jason D. Pole, E. Diane Nishri, Michael Tjepkema and Loraine D. Marrett

Comparing trends in mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer in the United Kingdom, 1983–2013: joinpoint regression analysis

We aimed to study the time trends underlying a change from cardiovascular disease (CVD) to cancer as the most common cause of age-standardized mortality in the UK between 1983 and 2013.

Authors: Lauren Wilson, Prachi Bhatnagar and Nick Townsend