Table 11 Contributions of population composition (P-effects) and mortality (M-effects) to changes in standard deviation by time periods (in years)
| Â | Males | Females | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | 1970–1984 | 1984–1994 | 1994–2004 | 2004–2010a | 1970–1984 | 1984–1994 | 1994–2004 | 2004–2010a |
Total change in overall StD | 1.33 | 1.92 | 0.00 | −0.37 | 0.68 | 0.87 | −0.03 | −0.23 |
  P-effect | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
  M-effect | 1.33 | 1.92 | 0.00 | −0.37 | 0.68 | 0.87 | −0.03 | −0.23 |
Total change in between-group StD | 1.97 | 2.02 | −0.07 | −0.36 | 1.19 | 0.95 | −0.20 | −0.23 |
  P-effect | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
  M-effect | 1.97 | 2.02 | −0.07 | −0.36 | 1.19 | 0.95 | −0.20 | −0.23 |
Total change in within-group StD | −0.24 | 0.11 | 0.21 | −0.08 | −0.17 | 0.07 | 0.32 | −0.07 |
  P-effect | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
  M-effect | −0.24 | 0.11 | 0.21 | −0.08 | −0.17 | 0.07 | 0.32 | −0.07 |