Table 1 Cluster characteristics

 Number of non-elective inpatient admissions per year, mean

0.01^a

0.01^b

0.34^a

0.00^a

0.01^b

0.44^a

0.00^a

0.45^a

0.08

 Number of elective inpatient admissions per year, mean

0.01^a

0.01^a

0.07^a

0.13^a

0.02^a

0.58^a

0.38^a

0.34^a

0.13

 Number of outpatient attendances per year, mean

0.16^b

0.09^b

1.90^b

1.65^b

0.29^a

5.58^a

3.60^a

3.99^a

1.43

 Number of GP practice visits per year, mean

0.38^a

2.13^a

5.54^a

3.40^a

6.40^a

13.24^a

10.06^b

12.14^b

5.07

 Number of GP home visits per year, mean

0.00^a

0.01^a

0.02^b

0.01^a

0.03^b

0.06^a

0.05^a

1.94^a

0.06

 Number of prescriptions per year, mean

0.17^a

1.66^a

7.40^a

3.04^a

21.21^a

55.62^a

39.78^a

86.96^a

15.93

 Age at end of study period, mean

36.0^a

34.4^a

37.8^a

39.1^a

53.0^a

61.4^a

62.1^a

77.1^a

45.1

 Proportion in residential care, %

0.0^a

0.0^a

1.0^a

0.0^a

1.0^a

2.0^a

2.0^a

16.0^a

1.0

 Predicted risk of an emergency admission in 2012, %

2.7^b

2.8^b

5.3^a

3.2^a

4.3^a

16.2^a

6.7^a

22.3^a

5.2

  1 (affluent)

24.1^b

26.7^a

21.7^c

25.2^b

25.8^b

20.9^c

24.1^b

21.1^c

24.7

  2

22.0^c

22.9

21.0^c

23.7

23.8

22.0

24.1

22.4

23.0

  3

21.1

20.9

20.8

20.7

20.9

21.2

21.6

22.2

21.0

  4

19.3

18.1

20.9^c

18.7

18.3

21.0^c

18.6

20.9

19.0

  5 (deprived)

13.4^b

11.3

15.7

^b

11.7

11.3

14.9^c

11.6

13.4^c

12.4

 Number of long-term conditions, mean

0.0^a

0.1^a

0.3^a

0.1^a

0.3^a

1.3^a

0.7^a

1.7^a

0.3

 Prevalence of AMI, %

0.0^c

0.0^c

1.7^b

0.0^c

0.5^a

13.3^b

1.9^b

14.0^b

1.7

 Prevalence of asthma, %

0.4^a

3.9^a

12.0^a

5.6^a

15.0^a

23.6^a

16.8^a

20.6^a

9.6

 Prevalence of cancer, %

0.1^b

0.2^b

1.7^a

2.8^a

1.0^a

14.7^b

10.9^a

14.0^b

3.5

 Prevalence of cerebrovascular disease, %

0.0^c

0.1^c

2.1^a

0.1^c

0.7^a

8.9^a

1.5^a

15.9^a

1.5

 Prevalence of congestive heart failure, %

0.0^c

0.0^c

0.5^a

0.0^c

0.2^a

6.8^a

0.8^a

11.9^a

0.9

 Prevalence of COPD, %

0.1^b

0.1^b

1.3^a

0.4^a

0.9^a

10.4^a

3.1^a

15.1^a

1.8

 Prevalence of dementia, %

0.0^b

0.0^b

0.3^b

0.0^a

0.2^b

1.7^a

0.6^a

10.5^a

0.5

 Prevalence of diabetes, %

0.0^a

0.3^a

2.5^a

0.6^a

8.4^a

19.4^b

15.4^a

20.8^b

5.6

 Prevalence of HIV/AIDS, %

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

 Prevalence of learning disabilities, %

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2^b

0.1

0.3^b

0.0

 Prevalence of liver disease, %

0.0^c

0.0^b

0.2^b

0.1^b

0.0^c

1.0^a

0.4^c

0.6^b

0.2

 Prevalence of mental health conditions, %

0.0^c

0.0^c

0.7^a

0.1

0.1^b

1.9^b

0.4^a

1.8^b

0.3

 Prevalence of paraplegia, %

0.0^c

0.0^b

0.2^b

0.0^c

0.0^b

1.3^a

0.1^b

3.1^a

0.2

 Prevalence of peptic ulcer, %

0.0^b

0.0^b

0.5^a

0.1^b

0.2^b

2.8^b

0.9^a

2.7^b

0.5

 Prevalence of peripheral vascular disease, %

0.0^b

0.0^b

0.6^a

0.1^a

0.3^a

5.4^a

1.7^a

7.5^a

0.9

 Prevalence of renal disease, %

0.0^a

0.2^a

1.3^a

0.6^a

4.0^a

13.9^a

8.5^a

24.3^a

3.5

 Prevalence of rheumatic disease, %

0.0^a

0.1^a

0.6^b

0.3^a

0.7^b

5.4^a

3.8^a

6.6^a

1.2