Table 4 Average annual percentage changes and joinpoint analysis by country and sex by recent available year in males

 Albania

ESP 76

− 0.3 (− 1.3, 0.7)

ESP 13

− 0.1 (− 1.2, 0.9)

 Armenia

ESP 76

0 (− 0.7, 0.7)

1981

2.7^{^}

1993

− 5.5^

2000

17.6^{^}

2003

− 3.9^

ESP 13

0 (− 0.9, 0.8)

1981

2.5^{^}

1993

− 6.4^

2000

22.6^{^}

2003

− 4.4^{^}

 Austria

ESP 76

− 2.8^{^} (− 3.4, − 2.3)

1965

18.1^{^}

1971

− 3.6^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.9 (− 3.5, − 2.3)

1965

21.2^{^}

1971

− 3.7^{^}

 Azerbaijan

ESP 76

− 0.4^{^} (− 0.8, − 0.1)

1981

0.7

1995

− 1.7^{^}

ESP 13

− 0.5^{^} (− 0.8, − 0.1)

1981

− 0.2

2003

− 4.6^{^}

 Belarus

ESP 76

− 0.5 (− 1, 0.1)

1981

3.9

1985

− 3.8^{^}

1992

7.1

1996

− 2.1^{^}

ESP 13

− 0.7 (− 1.2, − 0.2)

1981

4.7

1985

− 4.8^{^}

1992

7.2

1996

− 2.2^{^}

 Belgium

ESP 76

− 2.6^ (− 2.9, − 2.3)

1965

4.4

1971

− 2.9^

ESP 13

− 2.3 (− 2.6, − 2.1)

1965

4.5

1971

− 2.7^

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

ESP 76

− 0.7 (− 1.7, 0.3)

1985

8.5^{^}

1988

− 1.1^{^}

ESP 13

− 0.4 (− 1.4, 0.7)

1985

9.3

1988

− 0.9^

 Bulgaria

ESP 76

0.8^{^} (0.5, 1.2)

1965

24.1^{^}

1969

1.5^{^}

1998

− 1.8^{^}

ESP 13

0.7^{^} (0.4, 1.1)

1965

23.7^{^}

1969

1.4^{^}

1998

− 1.8^{^}

 Croatia

ESP 76

− 1.9^{^} (− 2.3, − 1.4)

1985

− 1.8^{^}

1995

5.8

1998

− 4.0^{^}

ESP 13

− 1.7^{^} (− 2.1, − 1.3)

1985

− 1.9^{^}

1995

5.8

1998

− 3.7^{^}

 Cyprus

ESP 76

− 3.8^{^} (− 4.7, − 2.8)

ESP 13

− 3.3^{^} (− 4.6, − 2.1)

 Czech Republic

ESP 76

− 3.0^{^} (− 3.2, − 2.9)

1986

− 0.5

1990

− 3.4^

2000

− 1.1

2003

− 5.1^{^}

2013

− 2.5^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.8^{^} (− 2.9, − 2.6)

1986

− 0.5

1990

− 3.1^{^}

2000

− 0.2

2003

− 5.3^{^}

2007

− 2.4^{^}

 Denmark

ESP 76

− 2.2^{^} (− 2.6, − 1.9)

1965

2.3^{^}

1973

− 1.5^{^}

1991

− 3.7^{^}

2003

− 6.0^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.1^{^} (− 2.4, − 1.8)

1965

2.9^{^}

1972

− 1.4^{^}

1991

− 3.4^{^}

2003

− 5.9^{^}

 Estonia

ESP 76

− 2.0^{^} (− 2.3, − 1.7)

1981

− 0.9^{^}

1991

3.2

1994

− 5.5

1997

− 2.2^{^}

2012

− 5.2^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.0^{^} (− 2.3, − 1.8)

1981

− 0.8^{^}

1994

− 2.4^{^}

2007

− 4.9^{^}

 Finland

ESP 76

− 2.6^{^} (− 2.8, − 2.4)

1965

5.7^{^}

1970

− 2.2^{^}

1987

− 3.3^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.3^{^} (− 2.5, − 2.1)

1965

5.9^{^}

1970

− 2.1^{^}

1990

− 3.1^{^}

 France

ESP 76

− 2.4^{^} (− 2.7, − 2.1)

1965

13.7^{^}

1969

− 2.0^{^}

1986

− 6.8

1989

− 1.9^{^}

2011

− 4.4^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.3^{^} (− 2.6, − 2)

1965

14.2^{^}

1969

− 1.9^{^}

1986

− 6.7

1989

− 1.7^{^}

2002

− 4.3^{^}

 Georgia

ESP 76

− 1.7^{^} (− 2.5, − 0.9)

1981

− 0.2

2007

− 17.9

2011

9.5

ESP 13

− 1.8^{^} (− 2.6, − 0.9)

1981

− 0.1

2005

− 8.7^

 Germany

ESP 76

− 3.6^{^} (− 3.8, − 3.4)

1990

− 3.2^{^}

2003

− 4.6^{^}

2011

1.4

ESP 13

− 3.4^{^} (− 3.6, − 3.3)

1990

− 3.0^{^}

2003

− 4.6^{^}

2011

2

 Greece

ESP 76

− 0.4^{^} (− 0.8, − 0.1)

1965

23.2^{^}

1968

1.3^{^}

1987

− 1.0^{^}

2002

− 4.1^{^}

ESP 13

− 0.3 (− 0.7, 0.1)

1965

23.2^{^}

1968

1.5^{^}

1987

− 0.8^{^}

2002

− 4.5^{^}

 Hungary

ESP 76

− 0.6^{^} (− 0.9, − 0.3)

1965

10.9^{^}

1970

0.2

1992

−^{^}2.3^

ESP 13

− 0.7^{^} (-1, -0.4)

1965

10.7^{^}

1970

−0.2

1993

− 2.2^

 Iceland

ESP 76

− 2.6^{^} (− 2.8, − 2.4)

1965

5.7^{^}

1970

− 2.2^{^}

1987

− 3.3^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.3^{^} (− 2.5, − 2.1)

1965

5.9^{^}

1970

− 2.1^{^}

1990

− 3.1^{^}

 Ireland

ESP 76

− 2.3^{^} (− 2.7, − 1.9)

1965

7.7^{^}

1969

− 0.4

1982

− 2.8^{^}

1998

− 5.4^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.2^{^} (− 2.5, − 1.8)

1965

7.8^{^}

1969

− 0.4

1982

− 2.7^{^}

1998

− 5.1^{^}

 Israel

ESP 76

− 3.9^{^} (− 4.2, − 3.6)

1975

− 2.8^{^}

1990

0.3

1994

− 10.2^{^}

1997

− 4.7^{^}

ESP 13

− 3.7^{^} (− 3.9, − 3.4)

1975

− 2.6^{^}

1990

1

1994

− 10.2^{^}

1997

− 4.5^{^}

 Italy

ESP 76

− 2.4^{^} (− 2.7, − 2.1)

1965

11.0^{^}

1969

− 1.4^{^}

1983

− 3.2^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.2^{^} (− 2.5, − 1.9)

1965

11.3^{^}

1969

− 1.3^{^}

1983

− 3.0^{^}

 Kazakhstan

ESP 76

0.2 (− 0.6, 1.1)

1981

0.4

1991

7.7

1994

0.3

2007

− 11.3^{^}

2012

− 25.3^{^}

ESP 13

0.1 (− 0.8, 1)

1981

0.7

1991

6.3

1994

0.5

2007

− 11.9^{^}

2010

− 29.7^{^}

 Kyrgyzstan

ESP 76

0.9^{^} (0.7, 1.2)

1981

0.1

1991

5.7

1994

0.4^{^}

ESP 13

0.9^{^} (0.7, 1.2)

 Latvia

ESP 76

− 0.9^{^} (− 1.2, − 0.5)

1980

− 0.8^{^}

1991

9.3^{^}

1994

− 9.2^{^}

1997

− 0.3

2012

− 3.9^{^}

ESP 13

− 1.0^{^} (− 1.3, − 0.8)

1980

− 1.0^{^}

1991

6.8

1994

− 7.6

1997

− 0.3

2005

− 3.3^{^}

 Lithuania

ESP 76

− 0.3^{^} (− 0.6, − 0.1)

1981

1.1^{^}

1994

− 2.4^{^}

2000

1.5

2006

− 3.0^{^}

ESP 13

− 0.4^{^} (− 0.6, − 0.2)

1981

0.6

1994

− 0.9^{^}

 Luxembourg

ESP 76

− 2.5^{^} (− 2.9, − 2.1)

1965

8.8^{^}

1971

− 1.5^{^}

1985

− 3.9^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.2^{^} (− 2.6, − 1.8)

1965

9.7^{^}

1971

− 1.2^{^}

1985

− 3.7^{^}

 Malta

ESP 76

−2.9^{^} (− 3.5, − 2.3)

1965

5.8^{^}

1981

− 20.4

1984

− 3.5^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.7^{^} (− 3.4, − 2.1)

1965

6.7^{^}

1981

− 22.4

1984

− 3.2^{^}

 Montenegro

ESP 76

− 0.7 (− 2.1, 0.7)

2000

−4.7

2002

3

2006

−5.8^{^}

ESP 13

− 0.5 (− 2, 0.9)

2000

− 4.8

2002

3.5

2006

− 6.0^{^}

 Netherlands

ESP 76

− 2.2^{^} (− 2.5, − 1.9)

1965

−  1.9

1967

12.6^{^}

1970

− 1.3^{^}

1985

− 2.4^{^}

2013

− 5.1^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.0^{^} (− 2.3, − 1.7)

1965

− 2.4

1967

13.1^{^}

1970

− 1.3^{^}

1985

− 2.1^{^}

2000

− 4.8^{^}

 Norway

ESP 76

− 2.1^{^} (− 2.5, −1.8)

1965

9.9^{^}

1970

− 1.0^{^}

1988

− 2.9^{^}

1998

− 5.1^{^}

ESP 13

− 1.9^{^} (− 2.2, − 1.5)

1965

11.3^{^}

1970

− 1.2^{^}

1995

− 4.6^{^}

 Poland

ESP 76

− 0.7^{^} (− 1.2, − 0.3)

1965

5.6^{^}

1971

1.4^{^}

1991

− 3.6^{^}

2002

− 2.4^{^}

ESP 13

− 0.7^{^} (− 1.1, − 0.3)

1965

5.4^{^}

1971

1.5^{^}

1990

− 2.9^{^}

 Portugal

ESP 76

− 2.2^{^} (− 2.8, − 1.6)

1965

0.2

1969

33.3^{^}

1972

− 2.0^{^}

1993

− 4.5^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.0^{^} (− 2.6, − 1.4)

1965

0.1

1969

35.0^{^}

1972

− 1.8^{^}

1993

− 4.4^{^}

 Republic of Moldova

ESP 76

0.1 (− 0.4, 0.7)

1981

− 0.3

1985

− 4.9^{^}

1992

10.5^{^}

1996

0.6

2013

− 2.8^{^}

ESP 13

0.1 (− 0.5, 0.7)

1981

0.5

1985

− 6.3^{^}

1992

11.7^{^}

1996

1

2003

− 3.2^{^}

 Romania

ESP 76

− 0.2 (− 0.5, 0.1)

1969

0.8^{^}

1997

− 2.4^{^}

ESP 13

− 0.3^{^} (− 0.5, 0)

1969

0.7^{^}

1997

− 2.3^{^}

 Russian Federation

ESP 76

0.3 (0, 0.7)

1980

− 1.1^{^}

1991

10.2^{^}

1994

− 6.7

1997

4.0^{^}

2011

− 3.8^{^}

ESP 13

0 (−0.3, 0.4)

1980

− 1.1^{^}

1991

7.4

1994

− 5.7

1997

2.8^{^}

2004

− 4.0^{^}

 San Marino

ESP 76

− 3.7 (−12.7, 6.2)

ESP 13

− 4.6 (− 13.9, 5.7)

 Serbia

ESP 76

− 2.5^{^} (− 2.8, − 2.2)

ESP 13

− 2.4^{^} (− 2.7, − 2.1)

 Slovakia

ESP 76

− 1.2^{^} (− 1.5, − 0.8)

1992

2.6

1995

− 1.2^{^}

2006

− 3.2^{^}

ESP 13

− 0.8^{^} (− 1.2, − 0.4)

1992

3.6

1995

−  0.9^{^}

2006

− 3.2^{^}

 Slovenia

ESP 76

− 3.4^{^} (− 3.6, − 3.2)

ESP 13

− 3.2^{^} (− 3.4, − 3)

 Spain

ESP 76

− 2.6^{^} (− 3, − 2.3)

1965

− 30.8^{^}

1968

16.0^{^}

1973

− 3.0^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.6^{^} (− 2.9, − 2.2)

1965

− 34.8^{^}

1968

16.8^{^}

1973

− 2.9^{^}

 Sweden

ESP 76

− 2.1^{^} (− 2.4, − 1.8)

1965

4.5^{^}

1971

− 0.3

1982

− 2.8^{^}

1998

− 3.7^{^}

ESP 13

− 1.9^{^} (− 2.2, − 1.6)

1965

4.6^{^}

1971

− 0.4

1982

− 2.5^{^}

1998

− 3.4^{^}

 Switzerland

ESP 76

− 2.5^{^} (− 2.7, − 2.2)

1965

− 3.5

1967

7.8^{^}

1970

− 0.8^{^}

1980

− 2.8^{^}

2013

− 3.7^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.3^{^} (− 2.5, − 2.1)

1965

− 3.9

1967

8.7^{^}

1970

− 0.8^{^}

1980

− 2.7^{^}

1997

− 3.5^{^}

 Tajikistan

ESP 76

1.5^{^} (1, 2)

ESP 13

1.8^{^} (1.3, 2.3)

 TFYR Macedonia

ESP 76

0 (− 0.3, 0.4)

1991

0.9^{^}

2003

− 1.7^{^}

ESP 13

0.4^{^} (0, 0.8)

1991

1.4^{^}

2003

− 1.5^{^}

 Turkey

ESP 76

1.1 (− 1.5, 3.8)

ESP 13

1.1 (− 1.5, 3.8)

 Turkmenistan

ESP 76

1.4 (− 0.2, 3)

1981

0.5

1989

12.5

1992

− 5.3^{^}

ESP 13

1.4 (0, 3)

1981

0.7

1989

11.5

1992

− 4.7^{^}

 The UK

ESP 76

− 2.7^{^} (− 3, − 2.4)

1965

8.6^{^}

1969

− 1.1^{^}

1979

− 2.9^{^}

1999

− 5.2^{^}

ESP 13

− 2.6^{^} (− 2.9, − 2.3)

1965

9.1^{^}

1969

− 1.2^{^}

1979

− 2.7^{^}

2001

− 5.5^{^}

 Ukraine

ESP 76

0.7^{^} (0.3, 1.1)

1981

− 1.8^{^}

1991

7.1^{^}

1995

− 2.2

1998

2.3^{^}

2012

− 3.1^{^}

ESP 13

0.5^{^} (0.2, 0.9)

1981

0.7

1985

− 3.8^{^}

1991

7.5

1994

1.1^{^}

2006

− 3.1^{^}

 Uzbekistan

ESP 76

0.7^{^} (0.3, 1.1)

1981

− 1.8^{^}

1991

7.1^{^}

1995

− 2.2

1998

2.3^{^}

2012

− 3.1^{^}

ESP 13

0.5^{^} (0.2, 0.9)

1981

0.7

1985

− 3.8^{^}

1991

7.5

1994

1.1^{^}

2006

− 3.1^{^}