Table 1 Adjusted direct annual costs ratios and mean incremental annual cost in function of musculoskeletal disorders (multivariable regression, Belgian adult population, from 2013 to 2017; N = 4591)
From: The health and economic burden of musculoskeletal disorders in Belgium from 2013 to 2018
Cost ratio (95% CI) | Mean attributable cost (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
MSK disorder (Ref: No) | ||
Low back pain | 1.43** (1.15; 1.79) | 2405€ (817€; 4069€) |
Neck pain | 1.36* (1.03; 1.8) | 2212€ (275€; 4419€) |
Osteoarthritis | 1.05 (0.87; 1.27) | 299€ (23€; 733€) |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.07 (0.86; 1.32) | 298€ (− 31€; 789€) |
Sex | ||
Male | Ref | |
Female | 0.83* (0.7; 0.97) | |
Age | 1.03*** (1.02; 1.03) | |
Education | ||
Higher education | Ref | |
Higher secondary | 0.97 (0.81; 1.15) | |
Lower secondary | 1.15 (0.92; 1.43) | |
No diploma or primary education | 1.49* (1.1; 2.02) | |
At risk due to a lack of leisure time physical activity | ||
No | Ref | |
Yes | 1.44*** (1.23; 1.7) | |
Heavy daily smokers | ||
No | Ref | |
Yes | 1.22 (0.92; 1.63) | |
BMI status | ||
Underweight | 1.20 (0.91; 1.57) | |
Normal weight | Ref | |
Overweight | 1.03 (0.87; 1.23) | |
Obese | 1.00 (0.81; 1.25) | |