MAL-ED Network Investigators by region: Africa: in South Africa: Pascal Bessong (University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa), Angelina Mapula (University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa), Emanuel Nyathi (University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa), Cloupas Mahopo (University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa), Amidou Samie (University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa), Cebisa Nesamvuni (University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa); in Tanzania: Erling Svensen (Haydom Lutheran Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway), Estomih R. Mduma (Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Haydom, Tanzania), Crystal L. Patil (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA), Caroline Amour (Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Haydom, Tanzania). South America: in Brazil: Aldo A. M. Lima (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil), Reinaldo B. Oriá (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil), Noélia L. Lima (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil), Alberto M. Soares, (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil), Alexandre H. Bindá (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil), Ila F. N. Lima (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil), Josiane S. Quetz (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil), Milena L. Moraes (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil), Bruna L. L. Maciel (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil), Hilda Costa (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil), Jose Quirino Filho (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil), Álvaro J. M. Leite (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil), Francisco B. Mota (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil), Alessandra F. Di Moura (Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil); in Peru: Maribel Paredes Olortegui (A.B. PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru), Cesar Banda Chavez (A.B. PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru), Dixner Rengifo Trigoso (A.B. PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru), Julian Torres Flores (A.B. PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru), Angel Orbe Vasquez (A.B. PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru), Silvia Rengifo Pinedo (A.B. PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru), Angel Mendez Acosta (A.B. PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru). South Asia: in Bangladesh: Tahmeed Ahmed (ICDDR-B, Dhaka, Bangladesh), Rashidul Haque (ICDDR-B, Dhaka, Bangladesh), AM Shamsir Ahmed (ICDDR-B, Dhaka, Bangladesh), Munirul Islam, (ICDDR-B, Dhaka, Bangladesh), Iqbal Hossain (ICDDR-B, Dhaka, Bangladesh), Mustafa Mahfuz (ICDDR-B, Dhaka, Bangladesh), Dinesh Mondol (ICDDR-B, Dhaka, Bangladesh), Fahmida Tofail (ICDDR-B, Dhaka, Bangladesh); in India: Gagandeep Kang (Christian Medical College, Vellore, India), Sushil John (Christian Medical College, Vellore, India), Sudhir Babji (Christian Medical College, Vellore, India), Mohan Venkata Raghava (Christian Medical College, Vellore, India), Anuradha Rose (Christian Medical College, Vellore, India), Beena Kurien (Christian Medical College, Vellore, India), Anuradha Bose (Christian Medical College, Vellore, India), Jayaprakash Muliyil (Christian Medical College, Vellore, India), Anup Ramachandran (Christian Medical College, Vellore, India); in Nepal: Carl J Mason (Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand), Prakash Sunder Shrestha (Institute of Medicine, Tribuhvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal), Sanjaya Kumar Shrestha (Walter Reed/AFRIMS Research Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal), Ladaporn Bodhidatta (Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand), Ram Krishna Chandyo (Institute of Medicine, Tribuhvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal), Rita Shrestha (Institute of Medicine, Tribuhvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal), Binob Shrestha (Walter Reed/AFRIMS Research Unit, Kathmandu), Tor Strand (University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway), Manjeswori Ulak (Institute of Medicine, Tribuhvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal); in Pakistan: Zulfiqar A Bhutta (Aga Khan University, Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan), Anita K M Zaidi (Aga Khan University, Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan), Sajid Soofi (Aga Khan University, Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan), Ali Turab (Aga Khan University, Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan), Didar Alam (Aga Khan University, Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan), Shahida Qureshi (Aga Khan University, Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan), Aisha K Yousafzai (Aga Khan University, Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan), Asad Ali (Aga Khan University, Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan), Imran Ahmed (Aga Khan University, Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan), Sajad Memon (Aga Khan University, Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan), Muneera Rasheed (Aga Khan University, Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan). North America: in the United States: Michael Gottlieb (Foundation for the NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA), Mark Miller (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Karen H. Tountas (Foundation for the NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA), Rebecca Blank (Foundation for the NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA), Dennis Lang (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Stacey Knobler (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Monica McGrath (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Stephanie Richard (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Jessica Seidman (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Zeba Rasmussen (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Ramya Ambikapathi (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Benjamin McCormick (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Stephanie Psaki (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Vivek Charu (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Jhanelle Graham (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Gaurvika Nayyar (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Viyada Doan (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Leyfou Dabo (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Danny Carreon (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Archana Mohale (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Christel Host (Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), Dick Guerrant (University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA), Bill Petri (University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA), Eric Houpt (University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA), Jean Gratz (University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA), Leah Barrett (University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA), Rebecca Scharf (University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA), Laura Caulfield (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA), William Checkley (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA), Margaret Kosek (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA), Pablo Penataro Yori (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA), Gwenyth Lee (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA), Ping Chen (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA), Robert Black (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA), Laura Murray-Kolb (Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA), Barbara Schaefer (Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA), William Pan (Duke University, Durham, NC, USA).
Funding
The Interactions of Malnutrition & Enteric Infections: Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study is carried out as a collaborative project and supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the NIH, and the National Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center. The authors thank the staff and participants of the MAL-ED Network Project for their important contributions. William Checkley was further supported by a Pathway to Independence Award (R00HL096955) from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health.